Hunziker Carola, Arrieta Ezequiel Martín, Diaz Maria Pilar, León Alberto Edel
Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba X5000, Argentina.
Escuela de Nutrición, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba X5000, Argentina.
Foods. 2025 May 28;14(11):1920. doi: 10.3390/foods14111920.
Current food systems pose serious threats to both human health and environmental sustainability. Market forces stimulate food production to such an extent that life on Earth is endangered, and an eating pattern based on calorie-dense, nutrient-poor, and ultra-processed foods is promoted. In terms of health, this situation has caused obesity to become a pandemic, which is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases, one of the current leading causes of death. The EAT-Lancet Commission (EAT-LC) argues that providing a growing world population with healthy diets through sustainable food systems is an immediate challenge. Thus, we propose to compare: (a) the consumption patterns described by this commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (LA&C) with those determined for Argentina; (b) Argentine dietary habits with the healthy and sustainable dietary pattern proposed by the EAT-LC; and (c) the availability of each food group in Argentina with the pattern proposed by the EAT-LC. A total of 11 food groups proposed by the Commission were taken as a reference. The dietary patterns described by the EAT-LC for LA&C are not representative of Argentina, where meat consumption is much higher (200%) and legume consumption is lower (78%). Very marked differences are observed between the consumption pattern in Argentina and the recommendations made by the EAT-LC. Regarding food availability, Argentina exceeds the requirements for meat (13.4 times), starchy vegetables (2.4 times), and eggs (2.3 times); by contrast, it does not reach the levels proposed for other products such as vegetables, nuts, legumes, or fish. Promoting a change in the eating habits of the population from a human-rights perspective represents an enormous challenge. The main aim of this work is to take a first step towards that transformation by comparing international recommendations for health and sustainability-paying special attention to culture-specific aspects-and dietary patterns in Argentina.
当前的食物系统对人类健康和环境可持续性都构成了严重威胁。市场力量极大地刺激了食物生产，以至于地球上的生命受到了威胁，同时还推广了一种基于高热量、低营养且超加工食品的饮食模式。在健康方面，这种情况已导致肥胖成为一种流行病，而肥胖是非传染性疾病的主要风险因素，也是当前主要的死亡原因之一。“食物星球”委员会（EAT-LC）认为，通过可持续食物系统为不断增长的世界人口提供健康饮食是一项紧迫的挑战。因此，我们提议进行以下比较：（a）该委员会描述的拉丁美洲和加勒比地区（LA&C）的消费模式与阿根廷的消费模式；（b）阿根廷的饮食习惯与EAT-LC提议的健康且可持续的饮食模式；（c）阿根廷各食物组的可获得情况与EAT-LC提议的模式。委员会提议的总共11个食物组被用作参考。EAT-LC描述的LA&C的饮食模式并不代表阿根廷，阿根廷的肉类消费量要高得多（200%），而豆类消费量较低（78%）。阿根廷的消费模式与EAT-LC的建议之间存在非常明显的差异。在食物可获得性方面，阿根廷肉类（13.4倍）、淀粉类蔬菜（2.4倍）和鸡蛋（2.3倍）的供应量超过了需求；相比之下，蔬菜、坚果、豆类或鱼类等其他产品的供应量未达到提议的水平。从人权角度促进民众饮食习惯的改变是一项巨大的挑战。这项工作的主要目的是通过比较国际上关于健康和可持续性的建议——特别关注特定文化方面——以及阿根廷的饮食模式，朝着这种转变迈出第一步。
