Álvarez García Francisco José, Cilleruelo Ortega María José, Álvarez Aldeán Javier, Garcés-Sánchez María, García Sánchez Nuria, Garrote Llanos Elisa, Hernández Merino Ángel, Iofrío de Arce Antonio, Merino Moína Manuel, Montesdeoca Melián Abián, Navarro Gómez María Luisa, Ruiz-Contreras Jesús
Centro de Salud de Llanera, Severies, Asturias, España; Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, España.
Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, España; Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2020 Jan;92(1):52.e1-52.e10. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.10.007.
The CAV-AEP annually publishes the immunisation schedule considered optimal for all children resident in Spain, taking into account the available evidence. The 2+1 schedule is recommended (2, 4, and 11 months) with hexavalent vaccines (DTPa-VPI-Hib-HB) and with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate. A 6-year booster is recommended, preferably with DTPa (if available), with a dose of polio for those who received 2+1 schemes, as well as vaccination with Tdpa in adolescents and in each pregnancy, preferably between 27 and 32 weeks. Rotavirus vaccine should be systematic for all infants. Meningococcal B vaccine, with a 2+1 schedule, should be included in routine calendar. In addition to the inclusion of the conjugated tetravalent meningococcal vaccine (MenACWY) at 12 years of age with catch up to 18 years, inclusive, the CAV recommends this vaccine to be also included at 12 months of age, replacing MenC. Likewise, it is recommended in those over 6 weeks of age with risk factors or who travel to countries with a high incidence of these serogroups. Two-dose schedules for MMR (12 months and 3-4 years) and varicella (15 months and 3-4 years) will be used. The second dose could be applied as a tetraviral vaccine. Universal systematic vaccination against HPV is recommended, both for girls and boys, preferably at 12 years, and greater effort should be made to improve coverage. The 9 genotype extends coverage for both genders.
西班牙疫苗接种咨询委员会（CAV）每年都会根据现有证据发布一份认为对所有居住在西班牙的儿童都最佳的免疫接种计划。建议采用2+1接种程序（2个月、4个月和11个月），使用六价疫苗（白百破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-乙型流感嗜血杆菌-乙肝）和13价肺炎球菌结合疫苗。建议在6岁时进行加强接种，最好使用白百破（如有），对于接受2+1接种程序的儿童接种一剂脊髓灰质炎疫苗，以及在青少年和每次怀孕时（最好在27至32周之间）接种破伤风-白喉-无细胞百日咳疫苗（Tdpa）。所有婴儿都应常规接种轮状病毒疫苗。应将2+1接种程序的B型脑膜炎球菌疫苗纳入常规接种计划。除了在12岁时接种结合四价脑膜炎球菌疫苗（MenACWY）并补种至18岁（含18岁）外，CAV建议在12个月龄时也接种该疫苗，以替代C群脑膜炎球菌疫苗（MenC）。同样，对于有危险因素或前往这些血清型高发病率国家旅行的6周龄以上人群也建议接种。麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹联合疫苗（MMR）（12个月和3至4岁）和水痘疫苗（15个月和3至4岁）将采用两剂接种程序。第二剂可作为四联病毒疫苗接种。建议对女孩和男孩都进行普遍的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）常规接种，最好在12岁时进行，并且应加大力度提高接种覆盖率。9价基因型扩大了对两性的覆盖范围。
