Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University PIMS, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Apr 6;251:112544. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112544. Epub 2020 Jan 3.
Leaves of Alnus nitida are used by local communities for the management of diabetes and in inflammatory disorders.
Powder of shade dried leaves of A. nitida was extracted with methanol (ANME) and fractionated in escalating polarity i.e n-hexane (ANHE), chloroform (ANCE), ethyl acetate (ANEE) and soluble residual aqueous fraction (ANAE). The extract/fractions were evaluated for antidiabetic in vitro assays; α-amylase, α-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). The in vivo investigations were carried out on ANEE and ANAE (100 mg/kg; 200 mg/kg, p.o.) in alloxan (125 mg/kg i.p.) induced hyperglycemic rats. Serum analysis was performed on liver, pancreas and kidney function markers. Analysis of antioxidant enzymes and genotoxic studies were carried out on pancreas, liver and kidneys tissues. GC-MS analysis was performed on ANME whereas HPLC analysis was carried out on ANME, ANEE and ANAE.
Preliminary in vitro assays indicated appreciable antidiabetic activity of ANEE and ANAE against α-amylase, α-glucosidase and DPP-4 assay. Furthermore, in vivo antidiabetic effect of ANEE and ANAE was inveterate by anti-hyperglycemic action in normal glucose loaded and diabetic glucose loaded animals. Single dose of alloxan (125 mg/kg) decreased the level of insulin and high density lipoprotein while raised the level of amylase and lipase, ALT, AST, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, BUN, CPK, CK-Mb in serum. Concentration of HO, lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and nitrite was increased (P < 0.05) whereas level of tissue protein, glutathione content (GSH) and antioxidant enzymes decreased in pancreas, liver and kidneys as compared to control group. Administration of ANEE and ANAE for 14 days after induction of diabetes decreased the hyperglycemia and restored the level of these parameters. Histopathological and genotoxic studies also endorsed the defensive strategies of ANEE and ANAE. GC-MS analysis of ANME demonstrated the presence of antidiabetic constituents i.e. linalool, Vitamin E and phytol.
Results obtained in this study suggests antidiabetic and antioxidant abilities and provides the scientific proof of the folklore medicine.
当地社区使用桤木叶来治疗糖尿病和炎症性疾病。
将遮荫干燥的桤木叶粉末用甲醇（ANME）提取，并按极性递增的顺序进行分级，即正己烷（ANHE）、氯仿（ANCE）、乙酸乙酯（ANEE）和可溶残余水相（ANAE）。评估提取物/馏分的体外抗糖尿病活性；α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）。在所有oxan（125mg/kg ip）诱导的高血糖大鼠中，对 ANEE 和 ANAE（100mg/kg；200mg/kg，po）进行体内研究。对肝脏、胰腺和肾脏功能标志物进行血清分析。对胰腺、肝脏和肾脏组织进行抗氧化酶分析和遗传毒性研究。对 ANME 进行 GC-MS 分析，对 ANME、ANEE 和 ANAE 进行 HPLC 分析。
初步的体外试验表明，ANEE 和 ANAE 对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和 DPP-4 试验具有明显的抗糖尿病活性。此外，ANEE 和 ANAE 的体内抗糖尿病作用通过正常葡萄糖负荷和糖尿病葡萄糖负荷动物的抗高血糖作用得到证实。单次注射 125mg/kg 所有oxan 降低了胰岛素和高密度脂蛋白的水平，同时提高了淀粉酶和脂肪酶、ALT、AST、总脂质、甘油三酯、胆固醇、肌酐、BUN、CPK、CK-Mb 的水平在血清中。与对照组相比，组织蛋白、谷胱甘肽含量（GSH）和抗氧化酶水平降低，而过氧化物（HO）、脂质过氧化（TBARS）和亚硝酸盐的浓度升高（P<0.05）。在胰腺、肝脏和肾脏中。糖尿病诱导后 14 天给予 ANEE 和 ANAE 治疗可降低高血糖并恢复这些参数的水平。组织病理学和遗传毒性研究也支持了 ANEE 和 ANAE 的防御策略。ANME 的 GC-MS 分析表明存在抗糖尿病成分，即芳樟醇、维生素 E 和植醇。
本研究结果表明具有抗糖尿病和抗氧化能力，并为民间医学提供了科学依据。
