Department of Philosophy and Moral Science, Bioethics Institute Ghent (BIG), Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
J Assist Reprod Genet. 2020 Feb;37(2):281-286. doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01678-5. Epub 2020 Jan 6.
In the ongoing discussion on the rights and obligations of gamete donors, scant attention has been paid to the decisional authority of gamete donors over the disposition of the embryos created with their gametes. This paper analyses four different positions: three cases relate to the disposition options for surplus or unused embryos by the first recipients, and one case relates to the use of the embryos stored by the first recipients for procreation.We conclude that the gamete donor causally contributes to the creation of the embryos and thus becomes indirectly responsible. To avoid that donors would become accomplices to an activity to which they morally object, a qualified generic consent mentioning types of research should be obtained. No consent from the donor is required for the destruction of the embryos.The cancellation of the agreement by anonymous or identifiable gamete donors should not be possible for embryos in storage for reproduction by the recipients. The interests in not becoming a genetic parent against one's wishes do not outweigh the damage done to recipients who would no longer be able to use their embryos. Known donors, on the contrary, should be able to withdraw their consent up to the moment of transfer of the embryos based on the greater harm caused to them as a consequence of attributional parenthood. They should also be able to veto transfer of the embryos to other people than the original recipients.
在关于配子捐赠者的权利和义务的持续讨论中，配子捐赠者对其配子所创造的胚胎处置的决策权威几乎没有得到关注。本文分析了四种不同的立场：三种情况涉及第一受体对剩余或未使用的胚胎的处置选择，一种情况涉及第一受体储存的胚胎用于生育的用途。我们的结论是，配子捐赠者因果地促成了胚胎的创造，因此间接地负有责任。为了避免捐赠者成为他们在道德上反对的活动的同谋，应该获得一份提及研究类型的有条件的一般同意。对于要销毁的胚胎，不需要捐赠者的同意。匿名或可识别的配子捐赠者不应取消储存用于受体繁殖的胚胎的协议。与违背自己意愿成为遗传父母的利益相比，不会对那些将不再能够使用自己胚胎的接受者造成更大的伤害。相反，已知的捐赠者应该能够在胚胎转移之前基于归因性父母身份给他们造成的更大伤害撤回同意，直至转移胚胎为止。他们还应该能够否决将胚胎转移给除原始接受者以外的其他人。
