Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China and Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
Analyst. 2020 Mar 2;145(5):1583-1604. doi: 10.1039/c9an01704f.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become one of the most fatal diseases of the century considering mortality and morbidity levels worldwide. This disease is an inflammatory response to environmental stress and tobacco smoking. Although spirometry is the gold-standard diagnostic test administrated in primary and secondary care, it often exhibits low accuracy in cases of predicting disease worsening and possible bias due to the operator, patient, and conditions. Recent developments in proteomics research suggest that the presence of protein biomarkers can aid in the accurate diagnosis and prediction of disease outcomes. This review presents the cutting-edge research progress in the area of protein biomarkers towards the management of COPD. The literature review was confined to protein biomarkers in saliva and sputum because testing these bodily fluids shows great promise for point-of-care (POC) testing due to its practicality, non-invasiveness and inexpensive handling and sampling. Although it is conclusive that more studies on sputum and saliva are needed, this review studies the promising clinical value of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and neutrophil elastase (NE). Following the critical analysis of salivary and sputum biomarkers, the recent development of POC biosensors for the multiplexed detection of biomarkers is also reported. Overall, the review aims to explore the possibility for the future development of POC sensors for chronic lung disease management utilizing clinically relevant biomarkers in saliva and sputum.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）已成为全球范围内最致命的疾病之一，其死亡率和发病率都很高。这种疾病是对环境应激和吸烟的炎症反应。虽然肺活量计是初级和二级保健中进行的金标准诊断测试，但由于操作者、患者和条件的原因，它在预测疾病恶化和可能存在的偏差方面往往准确性较低。蛋白质组学研究的最新进展表明，蛋白质生物标志物的存在可以帮助准确诊断和预测疾病结果。本综述介绍了 COPD 管理领域中蛋白质生物标志物的最新研究进展。文献综述仅限于唾液和痰液中的蛋白质生物标志物，因为这些体液的检测由于其实用性、非侵入性以及廉价的处理和采样，在即时检测（POC）方面显示出巨大的潜力。虽然已经确定需要对痰液和唾液进行更多的研究，但本综述研究了白细胞介素（IL）-6 和 IL-8、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-8 和 MMP-9、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）和中性粒细胞弹性蛋白酶（NE）的有前途的临床价值。在对唾液和痰液生物标志物进行批判性分析之后，还报告了用于生物标志物多重检测的即时检测生物传感器的最新发展。总的来说，本综述旨在探讨利用唾液和痰液中临床相关生物标志物开发用于慢性肺部疾病管理的即时检测传感器的未来发展可能性。
