Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Smart Transduction, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Academician and Expert Workstation, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing 400067, China.
Department of Microsystems (IMS), Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Postboks 235, 3603 Kongsberg, Norway.
Analyst. 2022 Mar 28;147(7):1273-1293. doi: 10.1039/d1an01702k.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has become the third leading cause of global death. Insufficiency in early diagnosis and treatment of COPD, especially COPD exacerbations, leads to a tremendous economic burden and medical costs. A cost-effective and timely prevention requires decentralized point-of-care diagnostics at patients' residences at affordable prices. Advances in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics may offer new solutions to reduce medical expenditures by measuring salivary and blood biomarkers. Among them, paper-based analytical devices have been the most promising candidates due to their advantages of being affordable, biocompatible, disposable, scalable, and easy to modify. In this review, we present salivary and blood biomarkers related to COPD endotypes and exacerbations, summarize current technologies to collect human whole saliva and whole blood samples, evaluate state-of-the-art paper-based analytical devices that detect COPD biomarkers in saliva and blood, and discuss existing challenges with outlooks on future paper-based POC systems for COPD diagnosis and management.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）已成为全球第三大致死原因。COPD 早期诊断和治疗不足，尤其是 COPD 加重，导致了巨大的经济负担和医疗成本。要实现具有成本效益且及时的预防，需要以可负担的价格，在患者家中进行分散的即时护理诊断。即时护理（POC）诊断技术的进步，通过测量唾液和血液生物标志物，可能为降低医疗支出提供新的解决方案。其中，基于纸张的分析设备由于其具有经济实惠、生物相容性、一次性使用、可扩展和易于修改等优势，成为最有前途的候选者。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了与 COPD 表型和加重有关的唾液和血液生物标志物，总结了目前用于收集全唾液和全血样本的技术，评估了检测唾液和血液中 COPD 生物标志物的最先进的基于纸张的分析设备，并讨论了现有的挑战以及对未来用于 COPD 诊断和管理的基于纸张的 POC 系统的展望。
