Abdalla Salma Nasr, Yousef Bashir Alsiddig
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Pan Afr Med J. 2019 Oct 15;34:89. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.89.17023. eCollection 2019.
Antimicrobials are among the most commonly prescribed therapeutic agents in hospitals. Irrational use of antimicrobials results in the development of antimicrobial resistance which could lead to life-threatening illnesses. Therefore, the assessment of antimicrobial prescribing and use is of utmost importance. This study aimed to examine the prescribing patterns of antimicrobials in the Internal Medicine Department of Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan.
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using World Health Organization (WHO) indicators for antimicrobial use in hospitals. Systematic random sampling was used to select 245 medical records from the 2613 medical records of patients admitted to the internal medicine department in 2016. Data were collected using a data collection form and a structured interview with the chief pharmacist in the hospital.
Of the 245 medical records examined, 201 (82%) patients were prescribed one or more antimicrobial drug. The average number of antimicrobials per patient was (2.1±1.1). The average duration of antimicrobial treatment was (4.9±3.8) days. The generic name was used in (35.6%) of antimicrobials, while (95.5%) of all antimicrobials were prescribed from the national essential medicines list. Overall, there were 421 courses of antimicrobials prescribed. The most frequently prescribed antimicrobials were ceftriaxone (131 courses) and metronidazole (89 courses). Among the documented infectious diseases, the most frequently encountered was pneumonia, followed by malaria. There was no drug and therapeutic committee, hospital formulary or essential medicines list, and standard treatment guidelines for infectious diseases in the hospital.
The results of the study revealed a high percentage of antimicrobial use in the Internal Medicine Department. Multifaceted interventions are urgently needed to promote rational prescribing of antimicrobials.
抗菌药物是医院中最常用的治疗药物之一。抗菌药物的不合理使用会导致抗菌药物耐药性的产生，这可能会引发危及生命的疾病。因此，对抗菌药物处方和使用情况的评估至关重要。本研究旨在调查苏丹喀土穆易卜拉欣·马利克教学医院内科抗菌药物的处方模式。
采用世界卫生组织（WHO）的医院抗菌药物使用指标进行描述性横断面研究。通过系统随机抽样从2016年内科收治的2613份病历中选取245份病历。使用数据收集表并与医院主任药剂师进行结构化访谈来收集数据。
在检查的245份病历中，201例（82%）患者使用了一种或多种抗菌药物。每位患者使用抗菌药物的平均数量为（2.1±1.1）种。抗菌药物治疗的平均持续时间为（4.9±3.8）天。35.6%的抗菌药物使用了通用名，而所有抗菌药物中有95.5%来自国家基本药物清单。总体而言，共开出421个疗程的抗菌药物。最常开具的抗菌药物是头孢曲松（131个疗程）和甲硝唑（89个疗程）。在记录的传染病中，最常见的是肺炎，其次是疟疾。医院没有药物与治疗委员会、医院处方集或基本药物清单，也没有传染病标准治疗指南。
研究结果显示内科抗菌药物使用率很高。迫切需要采取多方面干预措施来促进抗菌药物的合理处方。
