Division for Implementation and Treatment Research, Norwegian Centre for Violence and Traumatic Stress Studies, Oslo, Norway; Department of Health Science, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Science, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Psychosom Res. 2020 Mar;130:109914. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109914. Epub 2019 Dec 27.
While flight experiences of refugees and asylum-seekers might differ profoundly, previous research has, to a large degree, not differentiated between these forcibly displaced groups. Furthermore, research has mainly focused on post-migratory stress measured after resettlement. The aim of this study was therefore to chart mental health disorders and the associations between mental health and early post-migratory stress among asylum-seekers.
Using a cross sectional survey design, data collection was conducted from 2016 to 2018, in three large asylum-seekers' housing facilities located in Sweden.
In total 455 asylum-seekers from Afghanistan, Eritrea, Iraq, Somalia and Syria responded to the questionnaire. The most prevalent type of mental health disorder was depression (67.9%) followed by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (60.7%), and anxiety (59.3%). More men than women reported mental health disorders particularly with regard to anxiety and PTSD, and respondents with the lowest level of education (≤9 years) reported the highest levels of mental health problems. Associations between mental health disorders and post-migratory stress revealed that three post-migratory stressors were consistently the strongest indicators of mental health disorders.
Compared to previous research within populations of refugees who have received formal refugee status or resident permits, the prevalences of mental health disorders reported in the present study were substantially larger and the associations between post-migratory stressors and mental health disorders appears to be substantially stronger for asylum-seekers. This might suggest that the asylum-seekers' psychosocial situation becomes a diathesis or predisposition that interacts with early post-migratory stressors, in turn having detrimental effects on mental health.
尽管难民和寻求庇护者的飞行经历可能有很大的不同，但先前的研究在很大程度上并没有区分这些被迫流离失所的群体。此外，研究主要集中在重新安置后测量的后迁移应激上。因此，本研究的目的是绘制寻求庇护者的心理健康障碍图，并研究心理健康与早期后迁移应激之间的关联。
本研究采用横断面调查设计，于 2016 年至 2018 年在瑞典的三个大型寻求庇护者住房设施中进行数据收集。
共有 455 名来自阿富汗、厄立特里亚、伊拉克、索马里和叙利亚的寻求庇护者对问卷做出了回应。最常见的心理健康障碍类型是抑郁症（67.9%），其次是创伤后应激障碍（60.7%）和焦虑症（59.3%）。与女性相比，更多的男性报告了心理健康障碍，尤其是焦虑症和创伤后应激障碍，而受教育程度最低（≤9 年）的受访者报告的心理健康问题最严重。心理健康障碍与后迁移应激之间的关联表明，有三个后迁移应激源是心理健康障碍的最强指标。
与先前在已获得正式难民身份或居住许可的难民群体中进行的研究相比，本研究报告的心理健康障碍的患病率要大得多，并且后迁移应激源与心理健康障碍之间的关联对于寻求庇护者来说似乎要强得多。这可能表明，寻求庇护者的社会心理状况成为与早期后迁移应激源相互作用的素质或倾向，从而对心理健康产生不利影响。
