El-Alfy Muhammad A, El-Amier Yasser A, El-Eraky Toka E
Marine Pollution Department, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt.
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt.
Heliyon. 2020 Jan 9;6(1):e03177. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03177. eCollection 2020 Jan.
Six heavy metals in three main drains along the East Nile Delta were estimated to assess the environmental risk and employ land use/cover map of each drain. Composite sediment samples (n = 3) were collected from each drain. The elements were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The order of metal ions in the sediments of three drains of Manzala lake take the following order: Fe > Co > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb in El-Serw drain, Fe > Ni > Co > Cd > Cr > Pb in Hadous drain and Fe > Cd > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr in Bahr El-Baqar drain. Studied Pollution indices indicate that drains discharged into Manzala Lake are mostly contaminated by metals. Geo-accumulation index showed contamination by Cd in all sites especially in site 13 of Bahr El-Baqar drain and low values to others. The mean probable effect level quotient showed percent of 21% in Hadous and El-Serw drains and 73% probability of being toxic in Bahr El-Baqar drain. The mean effect range median quotient also showed 21% in Hadous and El-Serw to 49% probability of being toxic in Bahr El-Baqar drains. Index of anthropogenicity impact indicate that the man-made activity either agricultural, industrial or fisheries impacted in the appearance of metal ions in the following sequence; Cd > Co > Pb > Ni > Cr. Hazard severity according to hazard quotient and modified hazard quotient of Ni and Cd take the following sequence; El-Serw < Hadous < Bahr El-Baqar drains. For Cr is; Hadous < Bahr El-Baqar < El-Serw and Pb is; Hadous < Elserw < Bahr El-Baqar drains. According to contamination severity index showed low for Pb, Ni and Cr and severe for Co and Cd which take the sequence of; Bahr El-Baqar > El-Serw > Hadous.
对尼罗河三角洲东部三条主要排水渠中的六种重金属进行了估算，以评估环境风险，并运用每条排水渠的土地利用/覆盖图。从每条排水渠采集了复合沉积物样本（n = 3）。通过原子吸收分光光度计对这些元素进行了分析。曼扎拉湖三条排水渠沉积物中金属离子的顺序如下：在塞尔夫排水渠中为Fe > Co > Ni > Cr > Cd > Pb，在哈杜斯排水渠中为Fe > Ni > Co > Cd > Cr > Pb，在巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠中为Fe > Cd > Ni > Co > Pb > Cr。研究的污染指数表明，排入曼扎拉湖的排水渠大多受到金属污染。地累积指数显示所有地点均受到镉污染，尤其是巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠的13号地点，其他地点污染值较低。平均可能效应水平商显示，哈杜斯和塞尔夫排水渠的毒性百分比为21%，巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠的毒性概率为73%。平均效应范围中位数商也显示，哈杜斯和塞尔夫排水渠的毒性概率为21%，巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠为49%。人为影响指数表明，农业、工业或渔业等人为活动对金属离子出现的影响顺序为：Cd > Co > Pb > Ni > Cr。根据镍和镉的危害商和修正危害商，危害严重程度顺序如下：塞尔夫排水渠 < 哈杜斯排水渠 < 巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠。对于铬而言，顺序为：哈杜斯排水渠 < 巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠 < 塞尔夫排水渠；对于铅而言，顺序为：哈杜斯排水渠 < 塞尔夫排水渠 < 巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠。根据污染严重程度指数，铅、镍和铬污染程度较低，钴和镉污染严重，顺序为：巴赫尔·巴卡尔排水渠 > 塞尔夫排水渠 > 哈杜斯排水渠。
