Clinical outcome comparison of Grade Group 1 and Grade Group 2 prostate cancer with and without cribriform architecture at the time of radical prostatectomy.

AIMS

Invasive cribriform and intraductal carcinoma are associated with aggressive disease in Grade Group 2 (GG2) prostate cancer patients. However, the characteristics and clinical outcome of patients with GG2 prostate cancer without cribriform architecture (GG2-) as compared with those with Grade Group 1 (GG1) prostate cancer are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of GG1 and GG2- prostate cancer in radical prostatectomy specimens.

METHODS AND RESULTS

We reviewed 835 radical prostatectomy specimens for Grade Group, pT stage, surgical margin status, and the presence of cribriform architecture. Biochemical recurrence-free survival and metastasis were used as clinical outcomes. GG1 prostate cancer was seen in 207 patients, and GG2 prostate cancer was seen in 420 patients, of whom 228 (54%) showed cribriform architecture (GG2+) and 192 (46%) did not. GG2- patients had higher prostate-specific antigen levels (9.4 ng/ml versus 7.0 ng/ml; P < 0.001), more often had extraprostatic extension (36% versus 11%; P < 0.001) and had more positive surgical margins (27% versus 17%; P = 0.01) than GG1 patients. GG2- patients had shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval 1.4-4.9; P = 0.002) than GG1 patients. Lymph node and distant metastasis were observed neither in GG2- nor in GG1 patients, but occurred in 22 of 228 (10%) GG2+ patients.

CONCLUSION

In conclusion, patients with GG2- prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy have more advanced disease and shorter biochemical recurrence-free survival than those with GG1 prostate cancer, but both groups have a very low risk of developing metastasis.