Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Microelectronics and Optoelectronics, ul. Koszykowa 75, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland.
ChipCraft Sp. z o.o., Lublin 20-262, Poland.
Sensors (Basel). 2020 Jan 14;20(2):465. doi: 10.3390/s20020465.
This work presents the results of research toward designing an instruction set extension dedicated to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) baseband processing. The paper describes the state-of-the-art techniques of GNSS receiver implementation. Their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Against this background, a new versatile instruction set extension for GNSS baseband processing is presented. The authors introduce improved mechanisms for instruction set generation focused on multi-channel processing. The analytical approach used by the authors leads to the introduction of a GNSS-instruction set extension (ISE) for GNSS baseband processing. The developed GNSS-ISE is simulated extensively using PC software and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) emulation. Finally, the developed GNSS-ISE is incorporated into the first-in-the-world, according to the authors' best knowledge, integrated, multi-frequency, and multi-constellation microcontroller with embedded flash memory. Additionally, this microcontroller may serve as an application processor, which is a unique feature. The presented results show the feasibility of implementing the GNSS-ISE into an embedded microprocessor system and its capability of performing baseband processing. The developed GNSS-ISE can be implemented in a wide range of applications including smart IoT (internet of things) devices or remote sensors, fostering the adaptation of multi-frequency and multi-constellation GNSS receivers to the low-cost consumer mass-market.
本工作展示了设计专用全球导航卫星系统 (GNSS) 基带处理指令集扩展的研究成果。本文描述了 GNSS 接收机实现的最新技术。讨论了它们的优缺点。在此背景下，提出了一种新的通用 GNSS 基带处理指令集扩展。作者介绍了针对多通道处理的指令集生成改进机制。作者采用的分析方法导致了 GNSS 指令集扩展 (ISE) 的引入，用于 GNSS 基带处理。使用 PC 软件和现场可编程门阵列 (FPGA) 仿真对开发的 GNSS-ISE 进行了广泛的模拟。最后，根据作者的了解，开发的 GNSS-ISE 被集成到世界上第一个集成、多频率和多星座的微控制器中，该微控制器具有嵌入式闪存。此外，该微控制器可用作应用处理器，这是一个独特的功能。所呈现的结果表明了将 GNSS-ISE 实现到嵌入式微处理器系统中的可行性，以及其执行基带处理的能力。所开发的 GNSS-ISE 可应用于各种应用中，包括智能物联网 (IoT) 设备或远程传感器，促进了多频率和多星座 GNSS 接收器适应低成本消费大众市场。
