Department of Cardiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi,, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hokusetsu General Hospital, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
Heart Fail Rev. 2021 Jul;26(4):813-828. doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-09918-y.
Current echocardiography techniques have allowed more precise assessment of cardiac structure and function of the several types of cardiomyopathies. Parameters derived from echocardiographic tissue imaging (ETI)-tissue Doppler, strain, strain rate, and others-are extensively used to provide a framework in the evaluation and management of cardiomyopathies. Generally, myocardial function assessed by ETI is depressed in all types of cardiomyopathies, non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in particular. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), ETI is useful to identify subclinical disease in family members of HCM, to differentiate HCM from other conditions causing cardiac hypertrophy and to predict cardiac events. ETI also for HCM allows addressing the mechanism behind left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and its improvement after therapeutic options. ETI provides cardiac amyloidosis with unique and specific findings such as "apical sparing." Nevertheless, ETI does not seem to provide as much information amenable to histological findings as recently emerging techniques of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. This review introduces usefulness of ETI and some other ultrasound techniques for detecting clinical and subclinical characteristics of cardiomyopathies, focusing on DCM, HCM, and cardiac amyloidosis.
目前的超声心动图技术已经能够更精确地评估多种类型心肌病的心脏结构和功能。从超声心动图组织成像（ETI）-组织多普勒、应变、应变率等衍生出的参数广泛用于为心肌病的评估和管理提供框架。通常情况下，所有类型的心肌病的心肌功能都受到 ETI 的影响，非缺血性扩张型心肌病（DCM）尤其如此。在肥厚型心肌病（HCM）中，ETI 有助于识别 HCM 患者家族成员的亚临床疾病，将 HCM 与其他导致心肌肥厚的疾病区分开来，并预测心脏事件。ETI 还可以确定左心室流出道梗阻的机制及其治疗选择后的改善。ETI 为心脏淀粉样变性提供了独特而特定的发现，如“心尖保留”。然而，与最近新兴的心脏磁共振成像技术相比，ETI 似乎并不能提供更多与组织学发现相适应的信息。本综述介绍了 ETI 及其他一些超声技术在检测心肌病的临床和亚临床特征方面的用途，重点介绍了 DCM、HCM 和心脏淀粉样变性。
