School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK.
Department F.-A. Forel, University of Geneva, Boulevard Carl-Vogt 66, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Apr 15;713:136588. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136588. Epub 2020 Jan 11.
Concentrations of antimony have been determined for paints and enamels that are available to the consumer or accessible to the public by x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The metalloid was only present in consumer paints of a speciality (e.g. artistic) nature, but was common in old household paints as an anti-chalking agent and in brightly-coloured contemporary exterior paints (on roads, street furniture and playground equipment, for example) as a colour fastener with concentrations ranging from a few hundred to about 25,000 μg g. Antimony was also found in contemporary container glass and ceramic products as an additive or opacifier and as a colour fastener in enamels at concentrations up to a few thousand μg g. Overall, the yellow pigment, lead antimonate, was only evident in two ceramic products analysed, with Sb concentrations exceeding 62,800 μg g. Available data in the literature suggests that, while Sb concentrations up to 30 μg g are bioaccessible in exterior paints and that concentrations of up to 20 mg L are migratable in some ceramicware, no relevant regulations are currently in place. Given our lack of understanding of the health impacts of Sb, more studies on its toxicity and mobility from commonly encountered products are called for.
采用 X 射线荧光光谱法测定了消费者可获得或公众可接触的油漆和搪瓷的锑浓度。这种类金属仅存在于特殊（如艺术）性质的消费者油漆中，但在旧的家用油漆中作为防粉化剂很常见，在色彩鲜艳的现代外部油漆（例如道路、街道家具和游乐设备）中作为颜色固定剂也很常见，浓度范围从几百到约 25000μg/g。锑还存在于现代容器玻璃和陶瓷产品中作为添加剂或不透明剂，以及在搪瓷中作为颜色固定剂，浓度高达几千μg/g。总体而言，仅在分析的两种陶瓷产品中发现了黄色颜料，即铅锑酸盐，Sb 浓度超过 62800μg/g。文献中的现有数据表明，虽然外部油漆中可生物利用的 Sb 浓度高达 30μg/g，一些陶瓷制品中迁移的 Sb 浓度高达 20mg/L，但目前尚无相关规定。鉴于我们对 Sb 的健康影响缺乏了解，需要对其毒性及其在常见产品中的迁移性进行更多研究。
