Moskalewicz Bożena, Goryński Paweł, Stokwiszewski Jakub, Moskalewicz Jacek, Kiejna Andrzej, Wojtyniak Bogdan
National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska str.,Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, 9 Sobieskiego str., Warsaw, Poland
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2019;70(4):385-391. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2019.0088.
A study reveals – against to common beliefs –less support between rural area residents in comparison to town-dwellers and significantly higher support for healthy, not for poor health research participants.
The aim of our paper was comparing support from spouse/partner, relatives, friends and strangers among people with good and ill physical health. A next purpose was to find differences of social support and experience of social undermining in urban and rural residential settings.
The study “Epidemiology of Mental Disorders and Access to Mental Health Care, EZOP – Poland” was carried out on random sample of 24 000 of Poland residents and a 50,4% response rate, 10 081 computerassisted personal interviews. Of those respondents, 4 000 constituted a sub-sample asked to complete the social networks and support section of the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by age, gender, residential setting and marital status for statistically significant differences in the percentage of functional and structural social support being reported, using the chi-squared test with a significance level of 0.05 used to reject the null hypothesis (H0 = lack of relationship between variables).
A majority of respondents maintain that in difficult life situations, family and a close network of friends and acquaintances make it possible to openly discuss problems and obtain help. However, respondents who rate their health as “poor” or “very poor” significantly less often than healthy individuals experience support coming from their relatives, friends, or strangers. In comparison to urban areas, the extent of social support in rural areas is significantly limited. The rural setting offers less support and even less opportunities for interaction with relatives, friends, acquaintances and strangers. Negative social factors– low levels of trust, isolation from friends and family, lack of a social life, lack of a helpful neighborhood – are conditions significantly more often found in the countryside than in urban areas.
Results obtained from the EZOP study shows that amount of social support received is higher in urban areas and among those who enjoy better physical health.
一项研究揭示——与普遍看法相反——与城镇居民相比，农村地区居民之间的支持较少，而且对健康的研究参与者而非健康状况不佳的研究参与者的支持明显更高。
我们论文的目的是比较身体健康和不健康的人群中配偶/伴侣、亲属、朋友和陌生人给予的支持。另一个目的是找出城市和农村居住环境中社会支持和社会破坏经历的差异。
“波兰精神障碍流行病学与心理健康护理可及性研究（EZOP）”对24000名波兰居民的随机样本进行了研究，回复率为50.4%，进行了10081次计算机辅助个人访谈。在这些受访者中，4000人构成一个子样本，被要求完成问卷中的社交网络和支持部分。数据按年龄、性别、居住环境和婚姻状况进行分析，以确定在功能和结构社会支持报告百分比方面的统计学显著差异，使用显著性水平为0.05的卡方检验来拒绝原假设（H0 = 变量之间无关系）。
大多数受访者认为，在困难的生活情况下，家人以及亲密的朋友和熟人网络使他们能够公开讨论问题并获得帮助。然而，将自己的健康评为“差”或“非常差”的受访者比健康个体更少从亲属、朋友或陌生人那里获得支持。与城市地区相比，农村地区的社会支持程度明显有限。农村环境提供的支持较少，与亲属、朋友、熟人及陌生人互动的机会甚至更少。负面社会因素——信任度低、与朋友和家人隔绝、缺乏社交生活、邻里不友善——在农村比在城市更常出现。
EZOP研究得出的结果表明，城市地区以及身体健康状况较好的人群获得的社会支持更多。
