Department of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
Department of Internal Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 16;21(2):592. doi: 10.3390/ijms21020592.
Aging is an inevitable and gradually progressive process affecting all organs and systems. The musculoskeletal system makes no exception, elderly exhibit an increased risk of sarcopenia (low muscle mass),dynapenia (declining muscle strength), and subsequent disability. Whereas in recent years the subject of skeletal muscle metabolic decline in the elderly has been gathering interest amongst researchers, as well as medical professionals, there are many challenges yet to be solved in order to counteract the effects of aging on muscle function efficiently. Noteworthy, it has been shown that aging individuals exhibit a decline in skeletal muscle metabolism, a phenomenon which may be linked to a number of predisposing (risk) factors such as telomere attrition, epigenetic changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, sedentary behavior (leading to body composition alterations), age-related low-grade systemic inflammation (inflammaging), hormonal imbalance, as well as a hypoproteic diet (unable to counterbalance the repercussions of the age-related increase in skeletal muscle catabolism). The present review aims to discuss the relationship between old age and muscle wasting in an effort to highlight the modifications in skeletal muscle metabolism associated with aging and physical activity.
衰老是一个不可避免的、逐渐进展的过程，影响所有的器官和系统。骨骼肌肉系统也不例外，老年人发生肌肉减少症（肌肉量低）、肌力下降（力量减弱）和随后残疾的风险增加。近年来，骨骼肌代谢在老年人中的衰退问题引起了研究人员和医疗专业人员的关注，但为了有效地对抗衰老对肌肉功能的影响，仍有许多挑战需要解决。值得注意的是，已经表明，衰老个体的骨骼肌代谢会下降，这种现象可能与许多易患（风险）因素有关，如端粒磨损、表观遗传变化、线粒体功能障碍、久坐行为（导致身体成分改变）、与年龄相关的低度系统性炎症（炎症衰老）、激素失衡以及低蛋白饮食（无法抵消与年龄相关的骨骼肌分解代谢增加的影响）。本综述旨在讨论衰老与肌肉减少症之间的关系，努力强调与衰老和身体活动相关的骨骼肌代谢的变化。
