Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1200 E Marshall St, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, viale Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy.
Cells. 2020 Jan 17;9(1):231. doi: 10.3390/cells9010231.
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are formed by decondensed chromatin, histones, and neutrophil granular proteins and have a role in entrapping microbial pathogens. NETs, however, have pro-thrombotic properties by stimulating fibrin deposition, and increased NET levels correlate with larger infarct size and predict major adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. NETs have been involved also in the pathogenesis of diabetes, as high glucose levels were found to induce NETosis. Accordingly, NETs have been described as drivers of diabetic complications, such as diabetic wound and diabetic retinopathy. Inflammasomes are macromolecular structures involved in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-1, which is a key mediator in CV diseases. A crosstalk between the inflammasome and NETs is known for some rheumatologic diseases, while this link is still under investigation and not completely understood in CV diseases. In this review, we summarized the most recent updates about the role of NETs in acute myocardial infarction and metabolic diseases and provided an overview on the relationship between NET and inflammasome activities in rheumatologic diseases, speculating a possible link between these two entities also in CV diseases.
中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网（NETs）是由解旋的染色质、组蛋白和中性粒细胞颗粒蛋白形成的，在捕获微生物病原体方面发挥作用。然而，NETs 通过刺激纤维蛋白沉积具有促血栓形成的特性，并且 NET 水平的升高与更大的梗死面积相关，并可预测主要不良心血管（CV）事件。NETs 也参与了糖尿病的发病机制，因为已经发现高葡萄糖水平可诱导 NETosis。因此，NETs 被描述为糖尿病并发症的驱动因素，如糖尿病伤口和糖尿病视网膜病变。炎性小体是参与释放促炎介质（如白细胞介素-1）的大分子结构，白细胞介素-1 是心血管疾病中的关键介质。炎性小体和 NETs 之间的串扰已在一些风湿性疾病中得到证实，而这种联系在心血管疾病中仍在研究中，尚未完全了解。在这篇综述中，我们总结了关于 NETs 在急性心肌梗死和代谢疾病中的作用的最新进展，并概述了 NET 和炎性小体在风湿性疾病中的活性之间的关系，推测这两种实体在心血管疾病中也可能存在联系。
