Kaptchouang Tchatchouang Christ-Donald, Fri Justine, De Santi Mauro, Brandi Giorgio, Schiavano Giuditta Fiorella, Amagliani Giulia, Ateba Collins Njie
Department of Microbiology, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho 2735, South Africa.
Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, via S. Chiara 27, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy.
Microorganisms. 2020 Jan 17;8(1):135. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8010135.
species are Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteria, which do not produce endospores. The genus, , currently comprises 17 characterised species of which only two ( and ) are known to be pathogenic to humans. Food products and related processing environments are commonly contaminated with pathogenic species. Outbreaks and sporadic cases of human infections resulted in considerable economic loss. South Africa witnessed the world's largest listeriosis outbreak, characterised by a progressive increase in cases of the disease from January 2017 to July 2018. Of the 1060 laboratory-confirmed cases of listeriosis reported by the National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), 216 deaths were recorded. Epidemiological investigations indicated that ready-to-eat processed meat products from a food production facility contaminated with was responsible for the outbreak. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that a large proportion (91%) of the isolates from patients were sequence type 6 (ST6). Recent studies revealed a recurrent occurrence of small outbreaks of listeriosis with more severe side-effects in humans. This review provides a comparative analysis of a recently reported and most severe outbreak of listeriosis in South Africa, with those previously encountered in other countries worldwide. The review focuses on the transmission of the pathogen, clinical symptoms of the disease and its pathogenicity. The review also focuses on the major outbreaks of listeriosis reported in different parts of the world, sources of contamination, morbidity, and mortality rates as well as cost implications. Based on data generated during the outbreak of the disease in South Africa, listeriosis was added to the South African list of mandatory notifiable medical conditions. Surveillance systems were strengthened in the South African food chain in order to assist in preventing and facilitating early detection of both sporadic cases and outbreaks of infections caused by these pathogens in humans.
该属细菌为革兰氏阳性、杆状、兼性厌氧细菌，不产生芽孢。该属目前包括17个已鉴定的物种，其中只有两个物种（和）已知对人类致病。食品及相关加工环境普遍受到致病物种的污染。人类感染的暴发和散发病例造成了相当大的经济损失。南非见证了世界上最大规模的李斯特菌病暴发，其特点是从2017年1月到2018年7月该病病例数呈逐步上升趋势。在国家传染病研究所（NICD）报告的1060例实验室确诊的李斯特菌病病例中，有216例死亡记录。流行病学调查表明，一家食品生产设施生产的受污染即食加工肉制品是此次暴发的原因。多位点序列分型（MLST）显示，从患者分离出的很大一部分菌株（91%）为序列型6（ST6）。最近的研究表明，李斯特菌病小规模暴发反复出现，且对人类有更严重的副作用。本综述对南非最近报告的最严重的李斯特菌病暴发与世界其他国家先前遇到的暴发进行了比较分析。该综述重点关注病原体的传播、疾病的临床症状及其致病性。该综述还关注世界不同地区报告的李斯特菌病主要暴发、污染源、发病率、死亡率以及成本影响。根据南非疾病暴发期间产生的数据，李斯特菌病被列入南非法定强制报告的医疗状况清单。南非加强了食品链中的监测系统，以协助预防和促进早期发现人类中由这些病原体引起的散发病例和感染暴发。
