School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
Viruses. 2020 Jan 17;12(1):117. doi: 10.3390/v12010117.
Influenza viruses are respiratory pathogens that represent a significant threat to public health, despite the large-scale implementation of vaccination programs. It is necessary to understand the detailed and complex interactions between influenza virus and its host cells in order to identify successful strategies for therapeutic intervention. During viral entry, the cellular microenvironment presents invading pathogens with a series of obstacles that must be overcome to infect permissive cells. Influenza hijacks numerous host cell proteins and associated biological pathways during its journey into the cell, responding to environmental cues in order to successfully replicate. The cellular cytoskeleton and its constituent microtubules represent a heavily exploited network during viral infection. Cytoskeletal filaments provide a dynamic scaffold for subcellular viral trafficking, as well as virus-host interactions with cellular machineries that are essential for efficient uncoating, replication, and egress. In addition, influenza virus infection results in structural changes in the microtubule network, which itself has consequences for viral replication. Microtubules, their functional roles in normal cell biology, and their exploitation by influenza viruses will be the focus of this review.
流感病毒是对公共卫生构成重大威胁的呼吸道病原体，尽管已经大规模实施了疫苗接种计划。为了确定治疗干预的成功策略，有必要了解流感病毒与其宿主细胞之间的详细而复杂的相互作用。在病毒进入期间，细胞微环境为入侵病原体提供了一系列必须克服的障碍，以便感染允许的细胞。流感病毒在进入细胞的过程中劫持了许多宿主细胞蛋白和相关的生物途径，以响应环境信号来成功复制。细胞骨架及其组成的微管在病毒感染过程中是一个被大量利用的网络。细胞骨架丝为亚细胞病毒运输以及与细胞机制的病毒-宿主相互作用提供了一个动态支架，这些机制对于有效的脱壳、复制和逸出至关重要。此外，流感病毒感染会导致微管网络的结构发生变化，这本身会对病毒复制产生影响。微管及其在正常细胞生物学中的功能作用以及流感病毒对其的利用将是本综述的重点。
