The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
J Mol Cell Biol. 2020 Jul 1;12(12):968-979. doi: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa042.
The emerging coronavirus (CoV) pandemic is threatening the public health all over the world. Cytoskeleton is an intricate network involved in controlling cell shape, cargo transport, signal transduction, and cell division. Infection biology studies have illuminated essential roles for cytoskeleton in mediating the outcome of host‒virus interactions. In this review, we discuss the dynamic interactions between actin filaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and CoVs. In one round of viral life cycle, CoVs surf along filopodia on the host membrane to the entry sites, utilize specific intermediate filament protein as co-receptor to enter target cells, hijack microtubules for transportation to replication and assembly sites, and promote actin filaments polymerization to provide forces for egress. During CoV infection, disruption of host cytoskeleton homeostasis and modification state is tightly connected to pathological processes, such as defective cytokinesis, demyelinating, cilia loss, and neuron necrosis. There are increasing mechanistic studies on cytoskeleton upon CoV infection, such as viral protein‒cytoskeleton interaction, changes in the expression and post-translation modification, related signaling pathways, and incorporation with other host factors. Collectively, these insights provide new concepts for fundamental virology and the control of CoV infection.
新兴的冠状病毒（CoV）大流行正在威胁着全世界的公共健康。细胞骨架是一种复杂的网络，参与控制细胞形状、货物运输、信号转导和细胞分裂。感染生物学研究阐明了细胞骨架在介导宿主-病毒相互作用的结果方面的重要作用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了肌动蛋白丝、微管、中间丝和 CoV 之间的动态相互作用。在病毒生命周期的一个循环中，CoV 沿着宿主膜上的丝状伪足运动到进入部位，利用特定的中间丝蛋白作为共受体进入靶细胞，劫持微管进行运输到复制和组装部位，并促进肌动蛋白丝聚合为出芽提供力量。在 CoV 感染过程中，宿主细胞骨架的动态平衡和修饰状态的破坏与病理过程密切相关，如胞质分裂缺陷、脱髓鞘、纤毛丧失和神经元坏死。关于 CoV 感染时细胞骨架的机制研究越来越多，例如病毒蛋白-细胞骨架相互作用、表达和翻译后修饰的变化、相关信号通路以及与其他宿主因子的结合。总的来说，这些研究为基础病毒学和 CoV 感染的控制提供了新的概念。
