Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Dakahliya, Egypt.
Cells. 2020 Jan 17;9(1):235. doi: 10.3390/cells9010235.
Bladder cancer (BC) is a complex and highly heterogeneous stem cell disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates if it is not treated properly. Early diagnosis with personalized therapy and regular follow-up are the keys to a successful outcome. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the leading power behind tumor growth, with the ability of self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The fast-developing CSC field with robust genome-wide screening methods has found a platform for establishing more reliable therapies to target tumor-initiating cell populations. However, the high heterogeneity of the CSCs in BC disease remains a large issue. Therefore, in the present review, we discuss the various types of bladder CSC heterogeneity, important regulatory pathways, roles in tumor progression and tumorigenesis, and the experimental culture models. Finally, we describe the current stem cell-based therapies for BC disease.
膀胱癌（BC）是一种复杂且高度异质性的干细胞疾病，如果治疗不当，其发病率和死亡率很高。早期诊断、个性化治疗和定期随访是取得良好效果的关键。癌症干细胞（CSC）是肿瘤生长的主要动力，具有自我更新、转移和对传统化疗耐药的能力。快速发展的 CSC 领域结合强大的全基因组筛选方法，为建立更可靠的靶向肿瘤起始细胞群的治疗方法提供了平台。然而，BC 疾病中的 CSC 高度异质性仍然是一个大问题。因此，在本综述中，我们讨论了各种类型的膀胱 CSC 异质性、重要的调控途径、在肿瘤进展和肿瘤发生中的作用以及实验培养模型。最后，我们描述了目前基于干细胞的 BC 疾病治疗方法。
