Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Comparative Pediatrics and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 17;12(1):245. doi: 10.3390/nu12010245.
Human milk is rich in nutritional factors, such as alpha-lactalbumin (α-Lac), and important for neonatal development, but nutrient supplementation may be required for optimal growth. Using a pig model, we hypothesized that α-Lac-enriched whey protein concentrate (WPC) supplementation improves neonatal development. Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs were fed either dilute bovine milk (REF) or REF milk supplemented with WPC with normal (STANDARD-ALPHA) or high (HIGH-ALPHA) α-Lac. Clinical, gut, immune and cognitive endpoints (open field, T-maze) were assessed and tissues collected at Day 19. The growth of STANDARD-ALPHA and HIGH-ALPHA were higher than REF (31 vs. 19 g/kg/d). Most organ weights, gut, immunity and brain variables were similar between WPC groups. HIGH-ALPHA had a higher bone mineral content, colon microbial diversity and an abundance of specific bacteria and microbial metabolites, and tended to show a faster food transit time ( = 0.07). Relative to REF, WPC pigs showed higher relative organ weights, blood amino acids, blood neutrophil function, and microbial metabolites, but lower brush-border enzyme activities and plasma cortisol. Cognition outcomes did not differ among the groups. In conclusion, WPC supplementation of milk improved some growth, gut and immunity parameters in preterm pigs. However, increasing the α-Lac content beyond human milk levels had limited effects on the immature gut and developing brain.
人乳富含营养因子，如α-乳白蛋白（α-Lac），对新生儿发育很重要，但可能需要营养补充以实现最佳生长。我们使用猪模型假设富含α-Lac 的乳清蛋白浓缩物（WPC）补充可改善新生儿发育。通过剖宫产分娩的早产猪分别喂食稀释的牛乳（REF）或 REF 乳添加 WPC，WPC 补充物的α-Lac 含量正常（STANDARD-ALPHA）或较高（HIGH-ALPHA）。评估临床、肠道、免疫和认知终点（旷场、T 迷宫），并在第 19 天采集组织。STANDARD-ALPHA 和 HIGH-ALPHA 的生长速度高于 REF（31 比 19 g/kg/d）。WPC 组之间大多数器官重量、肠道、免疫和大脑变量相似。HIGH-ALPHA 具有更高的骨矿物质含量、结肠微生物多样性和特定细菌和微生物代谢物的丰度，并且食物通过时间更快（= 0.07）。与 REF 相比，WPC 猪具有更高的相对器官重量、血液氨基酸、血液中性粒细胞功能和微生物代谢物，但刷状缘酶活性和血浆皮质醇较低。各组之间的认知结果没有差异。总之，WPC 补充牛奶可改善早产猪的一些生长、肠道和免疫参数。然而，将 α-Lac 含量增加到超过人乳水平对未成熟的肠道和发育中的大脑几乎没有影响。
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