Pascual-Villalobos María J, Cantó-Tejero Manuel, Guirao Pedro, López María D
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), C/ Mayor S/N La Alberca, 30150 Murcia, Spain.
Departamento de Producción Vegetal y Microbiología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Orihuela, Carretera de Beniel Km. 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2020 Jan 18;9(1):124. doi: 10.3390/plants9010124.
-anethole is a phenylpropanoid that is the main compound found in the essential oils (EOs) of anise and fennel seeds, and either fumigant or direct contact activity of this compound has been demonstrated against aphids and stored product pests. In this work, solid microspheres were prepared by three methods-oil emulsion entrapment, spray-drying, and complexed with β-cyclodextrin. Fumigation activity of each microsphere preparation was tested against the green peach aphid, Sulzer (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on pepper leaves. The best insecticidal activity was with (-anethole encapsulated in oil emulsion beads and introduced to aphids as a vapour over 24 h, with an LC of 0.415 μL/L compared to 0.336 μL/L of vapors from free (-anethole. Scanning electron microscopy of the beads revealed a compact surface with low porosity that produced a controlled release of the bioactive for more than 21 d, whilst most of the volatile was evaporated within two days if applied unformulated. Spray drying gave spherical particles with the greatest encapsulated yield (73%) of 6.15 g of -anethole incorporated per 100 g of powder. Further work will be done on improving the formulation methods and testing the solid microspheres in all aphid stages scaling up the experimental assay. It is foreseen that nanotechnology will play a role in future developments of low risk plant protection products.
反式茴香脑是一种苯丙烷类化合物，是茴芹籽和茴香籽精油中的主要成分，该化合物对蚜虫和仓储害虫具有熏蒸或直接接触活性。在本研究中，通过三种方法制备了固体微球——油乳液包埋法、喷雾干燥法以及与β-环糊精络合法。对每种微球制剂针对辣椒叶片上的桃蚜，苏尔寿（半翅目：蚜科）的熏蒸活性进行了测试。杀虫活性最佳的是包埋在油乳液珠中的反式茴香脑，在24小时内以蒸汽形式作用于蚜虫，其LC50为0.415μL/L，相比之下，游离反式茴香脑蒸汽的LC50为0.336μL/L。对微球进行扫描电子显微镜观察发现，其表面致密且孔隙率低，能够在21天以上的时间内实现生物活性成分的控释，而如果未进行制剂化处理，大部分挥发性成分会在两天内蒸发。喷雾干燥得到的球形颗粒包封率最高（73%），每100克粉末中包封了6.15克反式茴香脑。未来将进一步开展工作，改进制剂方法，并在蚜虫的各个发育阶段对固体微球进行测试，扩大实验规模。预计纳米技术将在低风险植物保护产品的未来发展中发挥作用。
