State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
Institute of Plant Protection, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.
Pest Manag Sci. 2020 Jun;76(6):2190-2197. doi: 10.1002/ps.5756. Epub 2020 Feb 7.
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs) have been recently banned in some countries because of increased pest resistance and deleterious risks to non-target organisms. Recent studies considered all parts of crops as a whole part in plant protection. However, there are few reports focused on the distribution and metabolic trends of NIs on target feeding sites of different pests in apple orchards.
The spatial and temporal distribution, absorption, degradation, and metabolism of three NIs, imidacloprid, acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam, on different parts of apple trees were studied under foliar spray and root irrigation treatments. In the spray treatment, the initial average concentration ratios (TCRs) were 31.6% for lower shoots, 23.3% for upper leaves, 23.2% for upper shoots, 21.0% for lower leaves, and 0.5% and 0.4% for upper and lower fruits, respectively. The average half-lives of the three NIs were 2.9 days for shoots, 7.4 days for leaves, and 10.8 days for fruits. The degradation rate of shoots was 2.5 times that of leaves, and 3.6 times that of fruits. Imidacloprid olefin and N-methyl acetamiprid were two of the main metabolites. In the root treatment, both roots and soils had high TCRs during the whole sampling period. Only imidacloprid was transmitted to above-ground parts of the plants, with TCRs of 0.38-50.94%.
This study found significant differences in spatial and temporal distribution, degradation, metabolism, and trends of NIs on different pest target sites of apple trees. The data obtained may help promote scientific control of target pests and evaluation of safety for non-target species in orchards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
由于害虫抗药性增加和对非靶标生物的有害风险，新烟碱类杀虫剂（NIs）最近在一些国家被禁用。最近的研究认为作物的所有部分都是植物保护的整体部分。然而，很少有报道集中于 NIs 在苹果园不同害虫靶标取食部位的分布和代谢趋势。
在叶面喷施和根部灌根处理下，研究了三唑膦、噻虫嗪和噻虫胺三种 NIs 在苹果树上不同部位的时空分布、吸收、降解和代谢。在喷雾处理中，初始平均浓度比（TCR）分别为：下部梢 31.6%、上部叶 23.3%、上部梢 23.2%、下部叶 21.0%、上部果 0.5%和下部果 0.4%。三种 NIs 的平均半衰期分别为：梢 2.9 天、叶 7.4 天、果 10.8 天。梢的降解速率是叶的 2.5 倍，是果的 3.6 倍。噻虫啉烯烃和 N-甲基噻虫胺是两种主要的代谢物。在根部处理中，整个采样期根和土壤都有很高的 TCR。只有噻虫嗪被传输到植物地上部分，TCR 为 0.38-50.94%。
本研究发现 NIs 在苹果树不同害虫靶标部位的时空分布、降解、代谢和趋势存在显著差异。获得的数据可能有助于促进果园目标害虫的科学防治和非靶标物种的安全性评价。 © 2020 英国化学学会。
