Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, Clemson University, Florence, SC, 29506, USA.
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 3;11(1):21570. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00970-8.
Plant uptake and metabolism of pesticides are complex and dynamic processes, which contribute to the overall toxicity of the pesticides. We investigated the metabolic fate of cyantraniliprole, a new diamide class of insecticide, during various growth stages of tomato. Cyantraniliprole was the major residue in leaves, flowers, and fruits, with the relative metabolite-to-parent ratios maintained at < 10% up to 28 days after treatment (DAT). Mature leaves contained consistently higher residues of cyantraniliprole than young leaves throughout the study. Flowers contained the highest cyantraniliprole residues up to 21 DAT, then gradually decreased. Immature green fruits had the highest cyantraniliprole residues (5.3 ± 0.7 ng/g; 42 DAT), and decreased toward red ripening stages (1.4 ± 0.2 ng/g; 84 DAT). Metabolism of cyantraniliprole primarily occurred in the foliage, where 21 metabolites were tentatively identified. Flowers and fruits contained 14 and four of these metabolites, respectively. Major transformation pathways were characterized by ring closure, followed by N-demethylation, and glycosylation. Additionally, plant metabolism of cyantraniliprole was also associated with several minor phase-I, phase-II, and breakdown metabolites. The occurrence of these metabolites in plants varied as a function of tissue types and their developmental stages. Our study highlights a tissue-specific biotransformation and accumulation of metabolites of cyantraniliprole in tomato.
植物对农药的吸收和代谢是一个复杂而动态的过程，这也是导致农药整体毒性的原因之一。我们研究了新型邻苯二甲酰胺类杀虫剂虫螨腈在番茄不同生长阶段的代谢情况。在叶片、花朵和果实中，虫螨腈是主要残留成分，相对代谢物与母体的比例在处理后 28 天内保持在<10%。在整个研究过程中，成熟叶片中的虫螨腈残留量始终高于幼叶。花朵在处理后 21 天内含有最高的虫螨腈残留量，随后逐渐减少。未成熟的绿色果实中虫螨腈残留量最高（5.3±0.7ng/g；42 DAT），然后随着果实变红逐渐减少（1.4±0.2ng/g；84 DAT）。虫螨腈的代谢主要发生在叶片中，共鉴定出 21 种可能的代谢物。花朵和果实中分别含有 14 种和 4 种代谢物。主要的转化途径是环闭合，随后是 N-去甲基化和糖基化。此外，植物对虫螨腈的代谢还与一些次要的 I 相、II 相和分解代谢物有关。这些代谢物在植物中的出现与组织类型及其发育阶段有关。本研究强调了虫螨腈在番茄中的组织特异性生物转化和代谢物积累。
