The role of histone modifications in leukemogenesis.

Histone modifications play a critical role in coordinating accurate gene expression. Aside from genetic mutations which cause altered DNA sequence, it has become increasingly clear that aberrant post-translational modifications of histone tails are also associated with leukemogenesis. The functional roles of specific histone marks has informed the basis of our understanding for underlying mechanisms of leukemia, while global analyses of interacting histone modifications has begun to distinguish subtypes of leukemia with prognostic and therapeutic implications. In this current era of personalized and precision medicine, it will be necessary to not only identify the specific genetic mutations present in a patient's leukemia but to also appreciate the dynamic chromatin states which are driven by histone modifications that can aid our diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for improved management of leukemia.