School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
Human Sciences Research Council, Port Elizabeth 6045, South Africa.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 21;17(3):697. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030697.
. In 2016, after the Western Cape Liquor Act was enacted, alcohol outlets were mapped in the six towns from a previous 2008 study to determine: (1) alcohol outlet density; (2) the association between deprivation and alcohol outlet density; (3) geospatial trends of alcohol outlet densities; and (4) the impact of alcohol legislation. . Latitude and longitude coordinates were collected of legal and illegal alcohol outlets, and alcohol outlet density was calculated for legal, illegal and total alcohol outlets by km2 and per 1000 persons. To determine the impact of legislation, t-tests and hot spot analyses were calculated for both 2008 and 2016 studies. Spearman coefficients estimated the relationship between alcohol outlet density and deprivation. . Although not statistically significant, the number of alcohol outlets and the density per 1000 population declined by about 12% and 34%, respectively. Illegal outlets were still more likely to be located in more deprived areas, and legal outlets in less deprived areas; and a reduction or addition of a few outlets can change a town's hot spot status. . Further studies with larger sample sizes might help to clarify the impacts of the Liquor Act, and the more recent 2017 Alcohol-Related Harms Reduction Policy on alcohol outlet density in the province.
2016 年，在西开普省酒类法案颁布后，研究人员从之前的 2008 年研究中对六个城镇的酒类销售场所进行了定位，以确定：（1）酒类销售场所的密度；（2）贫困程度与酒类销售场所密度之间的关联；（3）酒类销售场所密度的地理空间趋势；（4）酒类立法的影响。研究人员收集了合法和非法酒类销售场所的经纬度坐标，并按平方公里和每 1000 人计算了合法、非法和总酒类销售场所的密度。为了确定立法的影响，研究人员对 2008 年和 2016 年的研究进行了 t 检验和热点分析。Spearman 系数估计了酒类销售场所密度与贫困程度之间的关系。尽管没有统计学意义，但酒类销售场所的数量和每 1000 人密度分别下降了约 12%和 34%。非法酒类销售场所仍然更有可能位于贫困程度较高的地区，而合法酒类销售场所则位于贫困程度较低的地区；少量销售场所的减少或增加都可能改变一个城镇的热点地位。进一步的研究可能需要更大的样本量，以帮助阐明酒类法案以及最近的 2017 年酒精相关危害减少政策对该省酒类销售场所密度的影响。
