Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Patologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
Harvard T. H. CHAN School of Public Health, Environmental Health Department, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 22;17(3):725. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030725.
Proximity to green spaces has been shown to be beneficial to several cardiovascular outcomes in urban spaces. Few studies, however, have analyzed the relationship between these outcomes and green space or land cover uses in low-medium income megacities, where the consequences of rapid and inordinate urbanization impose several health hazards. This study used a subgroup of the dataset from The Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health ELSA-BRASIL (n= 3418) to identify the correlation between the medical diagnosis of hypertension and green spaces in the megacity of São Paulo. Land cover classification was performed based on the random forest algorithm using geometrically corrected aerial photography (orthophoto). Three different indicators of exposure to green spaces were used: number of street trees, land cover and number of parks within 1 km. We used logistic regression models to obtain the association of the metrics exposure and health outcomes. The number of street trees in the regional governments (OR = 0.937 and number of parks within 1 km (OR = 0.876) were inversely associated with a diagnosis of hypertension. Sixty-three percent of the population had no parks within 1 km of their residence. Our data indicate the need to encourage large-scale street tree planting and increase the number of qualified parks in megacities.
绿地的临近已被证明对城市空间中的几个心血管结果有益。然而，很少有研究分析这些结果与绿地或土地利用之间的关系在中低收入的大城市，快速和过度城市化的后果带来了几个健康危害。本研究使用巴西成人健康纵向研究（ELSA-BRASIL）数据集的子组（n=3418）来确定巴西圣保罗市绿地与高血压医疗诊断之间的相关性。土地覆盖分类是基于随机森林算法使用几何校正航空摄影（正射影像）进行的。使用了三种不同的绿地暴露指标：街道树木数量、土地覆盖和 1 公里范围内的公园数量。我们使用逻辑回归模型来获得暴露和健康结果之间的关联。地区政府的街道树木数量（OR=0.937）和 1 公里范围内的公园数量（OR=0.876）与高血压诊断呈负相关。63%的人口居住地附近没有公园。我们的数据表明需要鼓励大规模种植街道树木，并增加大城市合格公园的数量。
