Department of Kinesiology, Health Promotion and Recreation, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, WI 54311, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Jan 23;17(3):733. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17030733.
Globally, more than half of school-aged children do not engage in the recommended 60 minutes of daily moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Given that developing sufficient fundamental motor skills (FMS) competence during early elementary school years is important for a child's physical and cognitive development, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an 8-week FMS-based afterschool program on physical and cognitive health outcomes among elementary children. Participants were 31 K-2 students (19 girls, 12 boys; age = 6.65 ± 0.98) from three public elementary schools in the southwestern United States who were assigned to the intervention group (FMS-based afterschool program; n = 20) or the control group (traditional afterschool program; n = 11). A 2 × 2 repeated measures MANOVA showed significant changes in FMS competence and MVPA between the intervention and the control group over time. However, no significant changes were found in cognitive functioning. The 8-week FMS-based afterschool program showed significant improvements in FMS competence and MVPA, compared to a traditional afterschool program. This finding suggests that structured FMS-focused strategies (e.g., fun games and goal setting) can be a critical component when implementing a physical activity program to enhance children's motor skills and physical activity behavior.
全球范围内，超过一半的学龄儿童没有达到每天 60 分钟推荐量的中等到剧烈强度的身体活动（MVPA）。鉴于在小学早期发展足够的基本运动技能（FMS）能力对儿童的身体和认知发展很重要，本研究旨在检验基于 FMS 的课后计划对小学生身体和认知健康结果的影响。参与者为来自美国西南部三所公立小学的 31 名 K-2 学生（19 名女孩，12 名男孩；年龄=6.65±0.98），他们被分配到干预组（基于 FMS 的课后计划；n=20）或对照组（传统课后计划；n=11）。2×2 重复测量 MANOVA 显示，干预组和对照组在 FMS 能力和 MVPA 方面随着时间的推移都发生了显著变化。然而，认知功能没有显著变化。与传统的课后计划相比，为期 8 周的基于 FMS 的课后计划在 FMS 能力和 MVPA 方面显示出显著的改善。这一发现表明，结构化的 FMS 为重点的策略（例如，有趣的游戏和目标设定）在实施增强儿童运动技能和身体活动行为的体育活动计划时可以是一个关键组成部分。
