National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
National Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan.
Phytomedicine. 2020 Mar;68:153168. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153168. Epub 2020 Jan 8.
Cancer is hyper-proliferative, multi-factorial and multi-step, heterogeneous group of molecular disorders. It is the second most reported disease after heart diseases. Breast carcinoma is the foremost death causing disease in female population worldwide. Cancer can be controlled by regulating the gene expression. Current therapeutic options are associated with severe side effects and are expensive for the people living in under-developed countries. Plant derived substances have potential application against different diseases like cancer, inflammation and viral infections.
The mechanism of action of the medicinal plants is largely unknown. Targeting gene network and miRNA using medicinal plants could help in improving the therapeutic options against cancer.
The literature from 135 articles was reviewed by using PubMed, google scholar, Science direct to find out the plants and plant-based compounds against breast cancer and also the studies reporting their mechanistic route of action both at coding and noncoding RNA levels.
Natural products act as selective inhibitors of the cancerous cells by targeting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes or altering miRNA expression. Natural compounds like EGCG from tea, Genistein from fava beans, curcumin from turmeric, DIM found in cruciferous, Resveratrol a polyphenol and Quercetin a flavonoid is found in various plants have been studied for their anticancer activity. The EGCG was found to inhibit proliferative activity by modulating miR-16 and miR-21. Similarly, DIM was found to down regulate miR-92a which results to modulate NFkB and stops cancer development. Another plant-based compound Glyceollins found to upregulate miR-181c and miR-181d having role in tumor suppression. It also found to regulate miR-22, 29b and c, miR-30d, 34a and 195. Quercetin having anti-cancer activity induce the apoptosis through regulating miR-16, 26b, 34a, let-7g, 125a and miR-605 and reduce the miRNA expression like miR-146a/b, 503 and 194 which are involved in metastasis.
Targeting miRNA expression using natural plant extracts can have a reverse effect on cell proliferation; turning on and off tumor-inducing and suppressing genes. It can be efficiently adopted as an adjuvant with the conventional form of therapies to increase their efficacy against cancer progression.
癌症是一种过度增殖、多因素、多步骤、异质性的分子疾病。它是仅次于心脏病的第二大报告疾病。乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的首要原因。通过调节基因表达可以控制癌症。目前的治疗选择与严重的副作用相关，对于生活在欠发达国家的人们来说价格昂贵。植物来源的物质对癌症、炎症和病毒感染等不同疾病具有潜在的应用价值。
药用植物的作用机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。使用药用植物靶向基因网络和 miRNA，可以帮助改善针对癌症的治疗选择。
通过使用 PubMed、google scholar、Science direct 检索了 135 篇文章的文献，以找到针对乳腺癌的植物和植物化合物，以及报告其在编码和非编码 RNA 水平作用机制的研究。
天然产物通过靶向癌基因和肿瘤抑制基因或改变 miRNA 表达，作为癌细胞的选择性抑制剂。儿茶素 EGCG、染料木黄酮 Genistein、姜黄素 Curcumin、十字花科蔬菜中的二甲基 Dim、白藜芦醇 Resveratrol 和槲皮素 Quercetin 等天然化合物已被研究用于其抗癌活性。研究发现，EGCG 通过调节 miR-16 和 miR-21 来抑制增殖活性。同样，DIM 被发现下调 miR-92a，从而调节 NFkB 并阻止癌症发展。另一种植物基化合物 Glyceollins 被发现上调 miR-181c 和 miR-181d，在肿瘤抑制中发挥作用。它还被发现调节 miR-22、29b 和 c、miR-30d、34a 和 195。具有抗癌活性的槲皮素通过调节 miR-16、26b、34a、let-7g、125a 和 miR-605 诱导细胞凋亡，并降低参与转移的 miR-146a/b、503 和 194 的表达。
使用天然植物提取物靶向 miRNA 表达可以对细胞增殖产生相反的影响；开启和关闭肿瘤诱导和抑制基因。它可以作为传统治疗形式的辅助手段，有效地提高其对抗癌症进展的疗效。
