Miller Monica K, Reichert Jenny, Bornstein Brian H, Shulman Grant
Criminal Justice, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.
Psychology and Criminology, Heidelberg University, Tiffin, OH, USA.
Psychiatr Psychol Law. 2018 Jun 6;25(4):602-618. doi: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1469436. eCollection 2018.
Because judges experience a myriad of occupational stressors, they are at risk of experiencing secondary trauma, burnout, negative mental/physical health, poor job performance and low job satisfaction. These experiences might not be uniform, however, as gender and social support might mitigate such stress-related outcomes. Judges from two states in the United States completed a variety of stress and subjective performance measures. Social support was related to less perceived stress, less burnout, and more job satisfaction, but only for males. This suggests that males and females might receive qualitatively different types of social support. Different types of social support could differ in their ability to buffer judges from these stress-related outcomes. Further, among judges with high social support, females scored higher than males on subjective job performance; the opposite pattern occurred for judges with low social support. Thus, a lack of social support appears to have a negative effect on performance self-appraisals but only for females. Results have implications for the psychological study of stress and for programs designed to reduce judges' stress.
由于法官会经历无数的职业压力源，他们面临着遭受二次创伤、职业倦怠、负面心理/身体健康、工作表现不佳和工作满意度低的风险。然而，这些经历可能并不一致，因为性别和社会支持可能会减轻此类与压力相关的结果。来自美国两个州的法官完成了各种压力和主观表现测量。社会支持与较少的感知压力、较少的职业倦怠和更高的工作满意度相关，但仅适用于男性。这表明男性和女性可能会获得性质不同的社会支持类型。不同类型的社会支持在缓冲法官免受这些与压力相关的结果的能力方面可能存在差异。此外，在社会支持较高的法官中，女性在主观工作表现上的得分高于男性；在社会支持较低的法官中则出现相反的模式。因此，缺乏社会支持似乎对绩效自我评价有负面影响，但仅适用于女性。研究结果对压力的心理学研究以及旨在减轻法官压力的项目具有启示意义。
