Field Museum of Natural History and Chicago State University, Chicago.
Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China.
Am J Primatol. 1985;8(1):11-30. doi: 10.1002/ajp.1350080103.
The stumptail macaque species Macaca thibetana and Macaca arctoides replace one another from north to south in subtropical and tropical China. These species differ in external and cranial characters. Neonatal pelage color is pale grayish-brown in M. thibetana and whitish in M. arctoides. In adults, ventral pelage is whitish in M. thibetana and brown in M. arctoides. The forehead and cheeks are thickly furred in adult M. thibetana and bald in M. arctoides. Facial skin color typically is sexually dimorphic in M. thibetana-buffy in males and reddish in females-and monomorphic in M. arctoides-reddish in both sexes. Head and body length, weight, relative tail length, and relative ear length all tend to average greater in M. thibetana than in M. arctoides. Skull length, rostral-postrostral ratio, and relative canine length in males average greater in M. thibetana. than in M. arctoides; relative zygomatic breadth and relative bimalar breadth average greater in M. arctoides than in M. thibetana. Reproductive anatomy in both sexes is strikingly divergent in these two species. Although these species are adapted to different climatic zones, many aspects of their natural history are generally similar, as far as is now known. One apparent behavioral difference is that M. thibetana usually sleeps in caves or rocky crevices, while M. arctoides usually sleeps in trees.
短尾猴物种藏酋猴（Macaca thibetana）和滇金丝猴（Macaca arctoides）在中国亚热带和热带地区由北向南相互替代。这些物种在外貌和头部特征上存在差异。新生幼猴的皮毛颜色在藏酋猴中为浅灰褐色，在滇金丝猴中为白色。成年后，藏酋猴的腹部皮毛为白色，而滇金丝猴的为棕色。成年藏酋猴的额头和脸颊上有浓密的毛发，而滇金丝猴则没有。藏酋猴的面部皮肤颜色通常在两性之间存在性别二态性——雄性呈浅黄色，雌性呈红色——而滇金丝猴则为两性同色，均呈红色。藏酋猴的头体长、体重、相对尾长和相对耳长平均值均大于滇金丝猴。雄性的头骨长度、吻部-额部后长比和相对犬齿长度平均值在藏酋猴中大于滇金丝猴；而相对颧骨宽度和相对双眶宽平均值在滇金丝猴中大于藏酋猴。这两个物种的两性生殖解剖结构差异显著。尽管这些物种适应不同的气候带，但就目前所知，它们的许多自然历史方面通常是相似的。一个明显的行为差异是，藏酋猴通常在洞穴或岩石裂缝中睡觉，而滇金丝猴通常在树上睡觉。
