EASTMED Family Medicine, Acupuncture, Aesthetic Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health - National Institute of Hygiene, Warsaw, Poland.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020;1251:115-121. doi: 10.1007/5584_2019_462.
The objective of this review was to elaborate on changes in the virological characteristics of influenza seasons in Poland in the past decade. The elaboration was based on the international influenza surveillance system consisting of Sentinel and non-Sentinel programs, recently adopted by Poland, in which professionals engaged in health care had reported tens of thousands of cases of acute upper airway infections. The reporting was followed by the provision of biological specimens collected from patients with suspected influenza and influenza-like infection, in which the causative contagion was then verified with molecular methods. The peak incidence of influenza infections has regularly been in January-March each epidemic season. The number of tested specimens ranged from 2066 to 8367 per season from 2008/2009 to 2017/2018. Type A virus predominated in nine out of the ten seasons and type B virus of the Yamagata lineage in the 2017/2018 season. Concerning the influenza-like infection, respiratory syncytial virus predominated in all the seasons. There was a sharp increase in the proportion of laboratory confirmations of influenza infection from season to season in relation to the number of specimens examined, from 3.2% to 42.4% over the decade. The number of confirmations, enabling a prompt commencement of antiviral treatment, related to the number of specimens collected from patients and on the virological situation in a given season. Yet influenza remains a health scourge, with a dismally low yearly vaccination rate, which recently reaches just about 3.5% of the general population in Poland.
本综述的目的是阐述过去十年波兰流感季节病毒学特征的变化。这一阐述是基于国际流感监测系统，该系统由波兰最近采用的哨点和非哨点计划组成，其中从事医疗保健工作的专业人员报告了数万例急性上呼吸道感染病例。报告后，从疑似流感和流感样感染患者中提供了生物标本，然后使用分子方法验证了致病病原体。流感感染的高峰期通常在每个流行季节的 1 月至 3 月。从 2008/2009 年到 2017/2018 年，每个季节检测的标本数量从 2066 个到 8367 个不等。在十个季节中的九个季节中，A型病毒占主导地位，而 2017/2018 季节的乙型病毒属于 Yamagata 谱系。关于流感样感染，呼吸道合胞病毒在所有季节均占主导地位。在过去十年中，与检测的标本数量相比，流感感染的实验室确诊比例从每个季节的 3.2%急剧上升到 42.4%。确诊数量与从患者采集的标本数量以及特定季节的病毒学情况有关，从而能够及时开始抗病毒治疗。然而，流感仍然是一个健康灾难，每年的疫苗接种率极低，最近波兰只有约 3.5%的总人口接种了疫苗。
