Unit of Medical Psychology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
PLoS One. 2020 Jan 28;15(1):e0228144. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228144. eCollection 2020.
Studies on early predictors of intelligence often focus on single or few predictors and often on childhood intelligence. This study compared the contributions of a broad selection of potential early predictors of intelligence at different adult ages.
Information on predictors was recorded prospectively in the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort during pregnancy, at delivery, and at 1- and 3-year examinations for children born between 1959-61. Adult intelligence was assessed at three independent follow-ups using three different tests of intelligence: Børge Priens Prøve, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, and Intelligenz-Struktur-Test 2000R. From a total of 4697 cohort members, three non-overlapping samples were derived.
The included predictors explained between 22.2-24.3% of the variance in adult IQ, with parental socioeconomic status and sex explaining 16.2-17.0%. Other consistent predictors were head circumference at birth, increase in head circumference head during the first three years, and 3-year milestones. Head circumference was the most important anthropometric measure compared to measures of weight and length.
Besides social status and sex, the strongest and most consistent early predictors of adult intelligence were physical or behavioural characteristics that to some extent reflect brain-and cognitive development.
研究智力的早期预测因子通常集中在单一或少数预测因子上，而且通常是儿童时期的智力。本研究比较了不同成年年龄的智力的广泛选择的潜在早期预测因子的贡献。
在 1959-61 年出生的儿童怀孕期间、分娩时以及 1 岁和 3 岁检查时，前瞻性地记录了预测因子的信息。使用三种不同的智力测试：Børge Priens Prøve、韦氏成人智力测验和智力结构测验 2000R，在三个独立的随访中评估成人智力。从总共 4697 名队列成员中，得出了三个不重叠的样本。
纳入的预测因子解释了成人 IQ 方差的 22.2-24.3%，父母的社会经济地位和性别解释了 16.2-17.0%。其他一致的预测因子包括出生时的头围、头围在头三年的增长以及 3 岁的里程碑。与体重和长度的测量值相比，头围是最重要的人体测量指标。
除了社会地位和性别外，智力的最强和最一致的早期预测因子是身体或行为特征，这些特征在某种程度上反映了大脑和认知发育。
