Stryszewska Teresa, Dudek Marta
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Cracow, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2020 Jan 24;13(3):559. doi: 10.3390/ma13030559.
The article deals with the issue of salt content in brick buildings, which plays an important role in the assessment of the technical condition, in particular of historic buildings. A question has been asked about the selection of the best research method to determine the salinity of mineral materials. To obtain the answer, the authors conducted some tests on ceramic bricks salted with seven types of salt solutions. Research methods such as: spectrophotometry (UV), ion chromatography (High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were compared. The above methods belong to two groups: the first is based on aqueous extracts and allows the determination of water-soluble salts, and the second concerns testing directly on the sample so that insoluble salts can also be determined. The results tests indicate that the methods based on solid phases (XRF and EDS) give higher salinity values than those based on aqueous extracts (HPLC and UV). The results were also analysed with regard to the type of salt. Larger differences are observed for sulphate salts while chloride salts are characterised by smaller differences. On this basis, it is concluded that the salt content of the material is best assessed using tests that make it possible to recognise the salt in question and its quantity.
本文探讨了砖混建筑中的盐分问题，这在评估技术状况，尤其是历史建筑的技术状况方面起着重要作用。有人提出了关于选择最佳研究方法来测定矿物材料盐分的问题。为了获得答案，作者对用七种盐溶液腌制的陶瓷砖进行了一些测试。比较了分光光度法（紫外）、离子色谱法（高效液相色谱法（HPLC））、X射线荧光光谱法（XRF）和能量色散X射线光谱法（EDS）等研究方法。上述方法分为两组：第一组基于水提取物，可测定水溶性盐，第二组涉及直接对样品进行测试，以便也能测定不溶性盐。测试结果表明，基于固相的方法（XRF和EDS）给出的盐分含量值高于基于水提取物的方法（HPLC和紫外）。还根据盐的类型对结果进行了分析。硫酸盐的差异较大，而氯化物盐的差异较小。在此基础上得出结论，使用能够识别相关盐及其数量的测试方法来评估材料的盐分含量最为合适。
