School of Nursing, State University of Amazonas, Brazilian Association Critical Care Nurses, Manaus, Brazil.
School of Nursing, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Int J Nurs Pract. 2020 Jun;26(3):e12821. doi: 10.1111/ijn.12821. Epub 2020 Jan 29.
To identify the prevalence of pressure injury in patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury and analyse the risk factors involved during hospitalization.
This was a prospective study evaluating patients who were diagnosed with traumatic brain injury between November 2013 and September 2014. Patient characteristics, clinical and metabolic factors and therapeutic interventions, were evaluated within 30 days of hospital admission.
Most of the 240 patients included in the study were male, young, and non-Caucasian. The incidence of pressure injury was 18.8%. In terms of severity classification, the incidence of pressure injury was 2.7%, 23.2%, and 42.6% in mild, moderate, and severe traumatic brain injury, respectively. Pressure injury development was more likely in the first 10 days of hospitalization. A moderate or severe traumatic brain injury classification, the use of noradrenaline, and older age were pressure injury risk factors. The presence of pressure injury was associated with mortality within 30 days of hospitalization (P < .001).
The incidence of pressure injury was high in patients diagnosed with traumatic brain injury, especially in those whose injury was classified as severe. Older age, noradrenaline use, and a classification of moderate or severe traumatic brain injury were identified as pressure injury risk factors.
确定创伤性脑损伤患者中压力性损伤的患病率，并分析住院期间涉及的风险因素。
这是一项前瞻性研究，评估了 2013 年 11 月至 2014 年 9 月期间诊断为创伤性脑损伤的患者。在入院后 30 天内评估患者的特征、临床和代谢因素以及治疗干预措施。
研究纳入的 240 例患者中，大多数为男性、年轻和非白种人。压力性损伤的发生率为 18.8%。就严重程度分类而言，轻度、中度和重度创伤性脑损伤患者的压力性损伤发生率分别为 2.7%、23.2%和 42.6%。压力性损伤的发生更可能在住院的前 10 天。中度或重度创伤性脑损伤分类、使用去甲肾上腺素和年龄较大是压力性损伤的危险因素。压力性损伤的存在与住院 30 天内的死亡率相关（P<0.001）。
诊断为创伤性脑损伤的患者中压力性损伤的发生率较高，尤其是损伤程度分类为重度的患者。年龄较大、使用去甲肾上腺素和中度或重度创伤性脑损伤分类被确定为压力性损伤的危险因素。
