Li Peihuan, Yang Feilong, Wang Xiang, Yao Rui, Dai Ji, Deng Yunlong
Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.
Psychosomatic Health Institute, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, People's Republic of China.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2019 Dec 13;11:411-421. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S227154. eCollection 2019.
Nightmare distress (ND) is associated with a broad spectrum of psychopathological conditions such as anxiety, depression and bipolar disorder. Some studies have indicated that dream beliefs play an important role in the occurrence and treatment of nightmare distress. However, existing instruments used to assess dream beliefs either fail to satisfy the requirements of the psychometrics or fail to capture the essence of dream beliefs. This research pursued two objectives: (1) to develop a questionnaire, called the Beliefs About Dreams Questionnaire (BADQ), to measure beliefs people hold about their dreams and (2) to describe the dream beliefs of Chinese college students.
The structure and items on the BADQ were based on the previous literature and were the result of an open questionnaire. Some items were deleted through expert review and the result of predict test. To evaluate its validity and reliability, a sample of 1408 Chinese college students from two universities answered the BADQ, the Chinese version of Van Dream Anxiety Scale (CVDAS), the Dream Survey Questionnaire (DSQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7) Questionnaire. After two weeks, 95 of them answered the BADQ again. Exploratory factor analysis (n=704) and confirmatory factor analysis (n=704) were conducted to explore and verify the structure of BADQ. The correlation between the CVDAS and the BADQ was calculated to evaluate the divergent validity.
The BADQ contains 26 items. Exploratory factor analysis indicated a five-factor structure: Dream omen and health, Dream superstitions, Dream meaninglessness, Dream reality, and Dream attitude. The result of the confirmatory factor analysis also supported the five-factors structure. Acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's α of all subscales exceeded 0.80) and ordinary to moderate test-retest reliability (the intraclass correlation coefficient of all subscales ranged from 0.467 to 0.713) of the BADQ were presented. Low degree correlation between the CVDAS and the BADQ (ranged from to -0.052 to 0.219) showed that they were two different variables, indicating a good divergent validity.
The present investigation revealed moderate to high construct validity and reliability of the BADQ.
噩梦困扰（ND）与广泛的精神病理状况相关，如焦虑、抑郁和双相情感障碍。一些研究表明，梦信念在噩梦困扰的发生和治疗中起重要作用。然而，现有的用于评估梦信念的工具要么不满足心理测量学要求，要么未能抓住梦信念的本质。本研究有两个目标：（1）编制一份名为梦信念问卷（BADQ）的问卷，以测量人们对其梦境所持的信念；（2）描述中国大学生的梦信念。
BADQ的结构和项目基于先前的文献，并来源于一份开放式问卷。通过专家评审和预测试结果删除了一些项目。为评估其效度和信度，来自两所大学的1408名中国大学生样本回答了BADQ、中文版范氏梦焦虑量表（CVDAS）、梦调查问卷（DSQ）、患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）和广泛性焦虑障碍-7（GAD-7）问卷。两周后，其中95人再次回答了BADQ。进行探索性因素分析（n = 704）和验证性因素分析（n = 704）以探索和验证BADQ的结构。计算CVDAS与BADQ之间的相关性以评估区分效度。
BADQ包含26个项目。探索性因素分析表明其具有五因素结构：梦兆与健康、梦迷信、梦无意义、梦现实和梦态度。验证性因素分析结果也支持五因素结构。BADQ呈现出可接受的内部一致性（所有分量表的Cronbach's α均超过0.80）和中等至良好的重测信度（所有分量表的组内相关系数范围为0.467至0.713）。CVDAS与BADQ之间的低程度相关性（范围为 -0.052至0.219）表明它们是两个不同的变量，显示出良好的区分效度。
本研究揭示了BADQ具有中等至高的结构效度和信度。
