Lérias Joana R, de Sousa Eric, Paraschoudi Georgia, Martins João, Condeço Carolina, Figueiredo Nuno, Carvalho Carlos, Dodoo Ernest, Maia Andreia, Castillo-Martin Mireia, Beltrán Antonio, Ligeiro Dário, Rao Martin, Zumla Alimuddin, Maeurer Markus
ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Jan 10;10:2924. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02924. eCollection 2019.
Memory formation, guided by microbial ligands, has been reported for innate immune cells. Epigenetic imprinting plays an important role herein, involving histone modification after pathogen-/danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Such "trained immunity" affects not only the nominal target pathogen, yet also non-related targets that may be encountered later in life. The concept of trained innate immunity warrants further exploration in cancer and how these insights can be implemented in immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of innate immune memory and we reference new findings in this field, highlighting the observations of trained immunity in monocytic and natural killer cells. We also provide a brief overview of trained immunity in non-immune cells, such as stromal cells and fibroblasts. Finally, we present possible strategies based on trained innate immunity that may help to devise host-directed immunotherapies focusing on cancer, with possible extension to infectious diseases.
已有报道称，在微生物配体的引导下，先天免疫细胞可形成记忆。表观遗传印记在此过程中发挥着重要作用，涉及模式识别受体（PRR）识别病原体/危险相关分子模式（PAMP/DAMP）后发生的组蛋白修饰。这种“训练有素的免疫”不仅会影响名义上的目标病原体，还会影响个体日后可能遇到的非相关目标。训练有素的先天免疫概念值得在癌症领域进一步探索，以及这些见解如何在免疫治疗方法中得以应用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对先天免疫记忆的理解，并引用了该领域的新发现，重点介绍了在单核细胞和自然杀伤细胞中训练有素的免疫的观察结果。我们还简要概述了非免疫细胞（如基质细胞和成纤维细胞）中的训练有素的免疫。最后，我们提出了基于训练有素的先天免疫的可能策略，这些策略可能有助于设计针对癌症的宿主导向免疫疗法，并可能扩展到传染病。
