Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy, Thrissur, Kerala, India.
J Appl Genet. 2020 May;61(2):287-297. doi: 10.1007/s13353-020-00547-7. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
Rumen, one of the most productive diverse microbial habitats plays a vital role in the breakdown of feed to produce energy for maintenance and milk production in cattle. Culture-based procedures could identify only 10% of microbial species present in the rumen. Kerala, one of the southern states of India, owns only one native cattle breed, the Vechur cattle, which is noted for its short stature, disease resistance and adaptability to hot humid climate. Lower population density and decreased milk production potential of Vechur cattle led to the development of crossbred cattle of Kerala, with higher milk yield. A study was conducted to assess the rumen microbial profile of low productive Vechur cattle and high productive crossbred cattle for a better understanding of the relationship between the host and microbial community. DNA isolated from rumen liquor of five cattle each from both genetic groups maintained on standard ration (forage, concentrate ratio of 50:50) was subjected to whole metagenome sequencing. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis revealed that bacteria followed by archaea and eukaryota dominated in the Vechur cattle as well as the crossbred cattle rumen. Bacterial community was dominated by Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla in both genetic groups with a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio of 0.45 in Vechur cattle. Among archaea, Euryarchaeota was more abundant, which constitute methanogens, contributing 98% of total archaeal reads. Prevalent protozoal genus found in the Vechur cattle rumen was Entodinium and in crossbred cattle rumen was Entamoeba. In Vechur and crossbred cattle rumen, 1086 and 1262 microbial species were observed exclusively and 4731 species were shared between habitats. There was a significant difference in total microbial species abundance between the two genetic groups and Vechur cattle displayed significantly higher microbial diversity compared to crossbred. As per literature, this is presumably the first report of rumen metagenome profile of Vechur cattle, a unique short breed of India.
瘤胃是最具生产力的微生物栖息地之一，在饲料分解为牛提供维持和产奶所需的能量方面起着至关重要的作用。基于培养的方法只能识别瘤胃中存在的 10%的微生物物种。印度南部的喀拉拉邦只有一个本土牛品种，即维库尔牛，其特点是体型矮小、抗病能力强，能适应湿热的气候。维库尔牛的种群密度较低，产奶量较低，导致喀拉拉邦杂交牛的发展，产奶量更高。本研究旨在评估低产维库尔牛和高产杂交牛的瘤胃微生物谱，以更好地了解宿主与微生物群落之间的关系。从两组（低产维库尔牛和高产杂交牛）的 5 头牛的瘤胃液中提取 DNA，分别用标准日粮（粗饲料和精料比为 50:50）饲养，然后进行全宏基因组测序。生物信息学和统计分析表明，细菌、古菌和真核生物在维库尔牛和杂交牛的瘤胃中均占主导地位。两组牛的细菌群落均以拟杆菌门和厚壁菌门为主，维库尔牛的厚壁菌门与拟杆菌门的比例较高，为 0.45。古菌中，广古菌门更为丰富，占总古菌读数的 98%，构成产甲烷菌。在维库尔牛瘤胃中发现的优势原生动物属是真毛虫属，在杂交牛瘤胃中发现的是内变形虫属。在维库尔牛和杂交牛瘤胃中，分别观察到 1086 种和 1262 种独特的微生物物种，而在两个栖息地之间有 4731 种微生物物种共享。两组牛的总微生物物种丰度存在显著差异，维库尔牛的微生物多样性明显高于杂交牛。根据文献记载，这可能是首次报道印度特有的短品种维库尔牛的瘤胃宏基因组图谱。
