University of California, School of Medicine, 530 Parnassus Avenue, Suite 366, San Francisco, CA 94143-1390, United States.
Malaria Elimination Initiative, Global Health Group, University of California, San Francisco, Mission Hall, 550 16th St, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States.
Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2020 Feb;32:100307. doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2019.100307. Epub 2019 Oct 28.
Neighborhood characteristics and the built environment are important determinants in shaping health inequalities. We evaluate the role of a retail density ordinance in reducing concentration of tobacco stores based on neighborhood characteristics and land use pattern in San Francisco. The study evaluated the spatial distribution of tobacco retailers before and after the ordinance to identify geographic pockets where the most significant reduction had occurred. A generalized additive model was applied to assess the association between the location of the closure of tobacco retailer and socio-demographic characteristics and land use pattern. We did not find a meaningful change in the overall concentration of retailers based on neighborhood income and ethnicity but found a significant association based on patterns of land use. Our findings suggest that future polices must account for the differential distribution of retailers based on land use mix to lower concentration in areas where it is needed the most.
社区特征和建筑环境是影响健康不平等的重要决定因素。我们评估了旧金山一项零售密度条例在减少基于社区特征和土地利用模式的烟草商店集中方面的作用。该研究评估了该条例前后烟草零售商的空间分布，以确定发生最大减少的地理区域。应用广义加性模型评估关闭烟草零售商的位置与社会人口特征和土地利用模式之间的关联。我们没有发现基于社区收入和种族的零售商总体集中程度有明显变化，但发现基于土地利用模式的关联有显著意义。我们的研究结果表明，未来的政策必须考虑到零售商基于土地利用组合的不同分布，以便在最需要的地方降低集中程度。
