Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety - Queensland (CARRS-Q), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, 4059, Australia.
Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, SE-581 95 Linköping, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 2020 Mar;137:105441. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105441. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
To assess and explain finely drivers' a priori acceptance of highly automated cars, this study used the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). Further, the current study sought to extend upon previous research to assess if intentions to use highly automated cars in the future differed according to country (i.e., Australia, France, & Sweden). These three countries were selected to enable comparisons of a priori acceptance between countries of differing levels of exposure to highly automated cars. Participants (N = 1563; 62.1 % male) were recruited in Australia (n = 558), France (n = 625), and Sweden (n = 380) to complete a 20 min online questionnaire. The findings differed according to country of residence. Individuals residing in France reported significantly greater intentions to use highly automated cars when they become publicly available compared to individuals residing in Australia and in Sweden. Of the TPB constructs entered at step 1 in the hierarchical regression, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control (capability and controllability) were significant predictors of intentions to use highly automated cars for participants residing in Australia and France. For participants residing in Sweden, only attitudes and PBC-capability were significant predictors of intentions. Of the UTAUT constructs entered at step 2, performance expectancy and effort expectancy were significant predictors of intentions for participants residing in France and only performance expectancy a significant predictor of intentions for participants residing in both Australia and Sweden. Age and gender did not add to the prediction of intentions when entered at step 3. However, pre-existing knowledge was a significant negative predictor of intentions when entered at step 3 for participants residing in Australia. Overall, the findings found some support for applying the TPB and UTAUT to assess intentions to use highly automated cars in different countries. The findings also highlight differences in a priori acceptance across countries and the factors which predict such acceptance.
为了评估和解释驾驶员对高度自动化汽车的先验接受度，本研究采用了计划行为理论（TPB）和统一技术接受和使用理论（UTAUT）。此外，本研究试图扩展之前的研究，以评估未来使用高度自动化汽车的意图是否因国家而异（即澳大利亚、法国和瑞典）。选择这三个国家是为了能够比较不同高度自动化汽车暴露水平的国家之间的先验接受度。参与者（N=1563；62.1%为男性）在澳大利亚（n=558）、法国（n=625）和瑞典（n=380）招募，以完成 20 分钟的在线问卷。研究结果因居住国而异。与居住在澳大利亚和瑞典的人相比，居住在法国的人报告说，当高度自动化汽车可供公众使用时，他们使用这些汽车的意图明显更强。在分层回归中，在步骤 1 中输入的 TPB 结构中，态度、主观规范和感知行为控制（能力和可控性）是居住在澳大利亚和法国的参与者使用高度自动化汽车意图的显著预测因素。对于居住在瑞典的参与者，只有态度和 PBC 能力是使用高度自动化汽车意图的显著预测因素。在 UTAUT 结构中，在步骤 2 中输入的绩效期望和努力期望是居住在法国的参与者意图的显著预测因素，只有绩效期望是居住在澳大利亚和瑞典的参与者意图的显著预测因素。当在步骤 3 中输入时，年龄和性别对意图的预测没有增加。然而，当在步骤 3 中输入时，先验知识是居住在澳大利亚的参与者意图的一个显著负预测因素。总的来说，研究结果发现了一些支持应用 TPB 和 UTAUT 来评估不同国家使用高度自动化汽车的意图的证据。研究结果还强调了国家之间先验接受度的差异以及预测这种接受度的因素。
