Dotché Ignace Ogoudanan, Idohou Simon, Dahouda Mahamadou, Kiki Pascal, Govoeyi Benoit, Antoine-Moussiaux Nicolas, Dehoux Jean-Paul, Mensah Guy Apollinaire, Farougou Souaïbou, Thilmant Pierre, Abdou Karim Issaka Youssao, Koutinhouin Benoît
Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Meat Technology, Department of Animal Production and Health, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 2009, Cotonou, Benin.
Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agronomic Science, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin.
Vet World. 2019 Nov;12(11):1816-1825. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1816-1825. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
The improvement in pig zootechnical performances is a common practice in Benin. This improvement of the performances is made by the choice of the best reproducers in farms and the crossbreeding between the different breeds.
This study aims to characterize practices related to consanguinity management in pigs reared in Ouémé and Plateau.
Crossbreeding and consanguinity data were collected from 60 farms in these two departments. Frequencies and averages were calculated and compared between departments, genetic types, and origin of progenitors.
The majority of the investigated pig farmers in both departments were married men of primary or secondary education level. Most of them cross animals without a specific crossbreeding scheme. These crossings were performed to a greater extent (p<0.05) in Ouémé (94.28%) than in Plateau (52%). In general, farmers cross improved animals of high breeding values with the crossbred ones. These crossings were mainly performed to improve zootechnical performances. Renewing animals were commonly chosen from the farm or were provided from nearby farms. The majority of pig breeders in Ouémé (100%) and Plateau (86.67%) obtained reproductive animals from nearby farms. Males and females were sometimes bought from the same farm or from farms that pig breeders have sold reproductive animals in the previous years. In the case of selection within their own farm, male and female progenitors are separated at puberty by the majority of the breeders of Plateau (42.11%) and Ouéme (50%). Inbred mating was reported by breeders. More than half of breeders mate animals having a parental link in both departments. The mating was performed between animals of the same mother in 37.93% of farms in Ouémé and in 45.46% in Plateau. The main consanguinity consequences mentioned by the breeders were the high mortality at birth and weaning, piglets' weakness at the birth, the slow growth, and the decrease in litter size. Sows with at least one parent from external farm had a litter size at birth and weaning and a live-born piglets' number significantly higher than sows with both parents from the same farm.
Rigorous monitoring of crossing and the filial links are necessary for pig farms for ensuring the improvement of zootechnical performances.
在贝宁，提高猪的畜牧生产性能是一种常见做法。这种性能的提高是通过在农场中选择最佳繁殖者以及不同品种之间的杂交来实现的。
本研究旨在描述瓦梅省和高原省养猪场中与近亲繁殖管理相关的做法。
从这两个省的60个农场收集杂交和近亲繁殖数据。计算频率和平均值，并在不同省份、遗传类型和祖代来源之间进行比较。
两个省中大多数接受调查的养猪户是小学或初中学历的已婚男性。他们中的大多数人在没有特定杂交方案的情况下进行动物杂交。这些杂交在瓦梅省（94.28%）比在高原省（52%）进行得更为频繁（p<0.05）。一般来说，养殖户将高繁殖价值的改良动物与杂交动物进行杂交。这些杂交主要是为了提高畜牧生产性能。更新的动物通常从农场中挑选或从附近农场提供。瓦梅省（100%）和高原省（86.67%）的大多数养猪户从附近农场获得繁殖动物。雄性和雌性有时从同一个农场购买，或者从养猪户前几年出售繁殖动物的农场购买。在他们自己的农场进行选择时，高原省（42.11%）和瓦梅省（50%）的大多数养殖户在青春期将雄性和雌性祖代分开。养殖户报告了近亲交配情况。两个省中超过一半的养殖户让有亲缘关系的动物交配。在瓦梅省37.93%的农场以及高原省45.46%的农场中，交配发生在同一母亲的动物之间。养殖户提到的近亲繁殖的主要后果是出生和断奶时的高死亡率、仔猪出生时体弱、生长缓慢以及窝产仔数减少。至少有一方亲本来自外部农场的母猪，其出生和断奶时的窝产仔数以及活产仔猪数量显著高于双亲都来自同一农场的母猪。
养猪场必须对杂交和亲子关系进行严格监测，以确保畜牧生产性能的提高。
