Estevan-Reina Lucía, de Lemus Soledad, Megías Jesús L
Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2020 Jan 17;10:2988. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02988. eCollection 2019.
The role of men in fighting gender inequality is a controversial issue. Literature has shown that advantaged group members can promote social change but also perpetuate . We conducted three studies to examine two motivational processes that may lead men to confront sexism: an egalitarian path and a paternalistic one. Studies 1-3 revealed that men high in benevolent sexism were more willing to confront sexism for paternalistic reasons, whereas Studies 2-3 found that men high in feminist identification were more likely to confront sexism for egalitarian reasons. Pooled analyses (Studies 1-3) supported the egalitarian and paternalistic paths underlying sexism confrontation. Moreover, Studies 2 and 3 extended these findings to collective action and engagement in the men's activist movement that aims to reflect on male privilege (i.e., the Men for Equity movement). These results highlight the existence of various underlying motivations to confront sexism by men, as well as the limits of paternalism and the potential of feminism to motivate men to take part in other kinds of actions beyond confrontation to foster social change.
男性在消除性别不平等中所扮演的角色是一个颇具争议的问题。文献表明，优势群体成员既能推动社会变革，也可能使现状永久化。我们开展了三项研究，以探究可能促使男性直面性别歧视的两种动机过程：一种是平等主义路径，另一种是家长式作风路径。研究1至3表明，怀有善意性别歧视的男性更愿意出于家长式作风的原因直面性别歧视，而研究2至3发现，具有强烈女权主义认同的男性更有可能出于平等主义的原因直面性别歧视。汇总分析（研究1至3）支持了性别歧视对抗背后的平等主义和家长式作风路径。此外，研究2和3将这些发现扩展到集体行动以及参与旨在反思男性特权的男性维权运动（即“公平男性运动”）中。这些结果凸显了男性直面性别歧视背后存在多种潜在动机，以及家长式作风的局限性和女权主义激励男性参与除对抗之外的其他各类行动以促进社会变革的潜力。
