Marine Science Institute, Santa Barbara - Marine Science Building, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, U.S.A.
Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara - 2400 Bren Hall, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, U.S.A.
Conserv Biol. 2020 Oct;34(5):1176-1189. doi: 10.1111/cobi.13475. Epub 2020 Apr 15.
Small-scale fisheries are an important livelihood and primary protein source for coastal communities in many of the poorest regions in the world, yet many are overfished and thus require effective and scalable management solutions. Positive ecological and socioeconomic responses to management typically lag behind immediate costs borne by fishers from fishing pressure reductions necessary for fisheries recovery. These short-term costs challenge the long-term success of these interventions. However, social marketing may increase perceptions of management benefits before ecological and socioeconomic benefits are fully realized, driving new social norms and ultimately long-term sustainable behavior change. By conducting underwater visual surveys to quantify ecological conditions and by conducting household surveys with community members to quantify their perceptions of management support and socioeconomic conditions, we assessed the impact of a standardized small-scale fisheries management intervention that was implemented across 41 sites in Brazil, Indonesia, and the Philippines. The intervention combines TURF reserves (community-based territorial use rights for fishing coupled with no-take marine reserves) with locally tailored social-marketing behavior change campaigns. Leveraging data across 22 indicators and 4 survey types, along with data from 3 control sites, we found that ecological and socioeconomic impacts varied and that communities supported the intervention and were already changing their fishing practices. These results suggest that communities were developing new social norms and fishing more sustainably before long-term ecological and socioeconomic benefits of fisheries management materialized.
小规模渔业是世界上许多最贫穷地区沿海社区的重要生计和主要蛋白质来源，但许多小规模渔业都遭到过度捕捞，因此需要有效的、可扩展的管理解决方案。对管理措施的积极生态和社会经济响应通常落后于渔业从恢复渔业所需的捕捞压力降低中立即承受的成本。这些短期成本对这些干预措施的长期成功构成挑战。然而，社会营销可以在生态和社会经济利益完全实现之前提高对管理利益的认识，推动新的社会规范，并最终实现长期可持续的行为改变。我们通过进行水下视觉调查来量化生态条件，并通过与社区成员进行家庭调查来量化他们对管理支持和社会经济条件的看法，评估了在巴西、印度尼西亚和菲律宾的 41 个地点实施的标准化小规模渔业管理干预措施的影响。该干预措施将 TURF 保护区（社区为基础的渔业领地使用权加上禁渔海洋保护区）与针对当地的社会营销行为改变运动相结合。我们利用了 22 个指标和 4 种调查类型的数据，以及来自 3 个对照点的数据，发现生态和社会经济影响各不相同，社区支持该干预措施，并已经在改变其捕捞方式。这些结果表明，在渔业管理的长期生态和社会经济利益实现之前，社区已经在形成新的社会规范和更可持续的捕捞方式。
