Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Functional and Mechanistic Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
Exp Physiol. 2020 Apr;105(4):579-589. doi: 10.1113/EP088220. Epub 2020 Mar 13.
What is the topic of this review? This review discusses the evidence of the benefits of exercise training for β-cell health through improvements in function, proliferation and survival which may have implications in the treatment of diabetes. What advances does it highlight? This review highlights how exercise may modulate β-cell health in the context of diabetes and highlights the need for further exploration of whether β-cell preserving effects of exercise translates to T1D.
Physical exercise is a core therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Whilst the benefits of exercise for different physiological systems are recognised, the effect of exercise specifically on the pancreatic β-cell is not well described. Here we review the effects of physical exercise on β-cell health. We show that exercise improves β-cell mass and function. The improved function manifests primarily through the increased insulin content of the β-cell and its increased ability to secrete insulin in response to a glucose stimulus. We review the evidence relating to glucose sensing, insulin signalling, β-cell proliferation and β-cell apoptosis in humans and animal models with acute exercise and following exercise training programmes. Some of the mechanisms through which these benefits manifest are discussed.
这篇综述讨论的主题是什么？这篇综述讨论了运动训练对β细胞健康的益处，包括改善β细胞功能、增殖和存活，这可能对糖尿病的治疗有影响。它强调了哪些进展？这篇综述强调了运动如何在糖尿病的背景下调节β细胞健康，并强调需要进一步探讨运动对 T1D 的β细胞保护作用是否转化。
体育锻炼是 1 型和 2 型糖尿病的核心治疗方法。虽然人们已经认识到运动对不同生理系统的益处，但运动对胰腺β细胞的具体影响还没有很好地描述。在这里，我们综述了体育锻炼对β细胞健康的影响。我们表明，运动可以增加β细胞的质量和功能。功能的改善主要表现在β细胞胰岛素含量的增加，以及β细胞在葡萄糖刺激下分泌胰岛素的能力增强。我们综述了人类和动物模型中急性运动和运动训练计划对葡萄糖感应、胰岛素信号、β细胞增殖和β细胞凋亡的影响。讨论了其中一些表现这些益处的机制。
