Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
Department of Surgery, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 27;12(2):332. doi: 10.3390/nu12020332.
Carrots are consumed worldwide. Several meta-analysis studies on carrot consumption have indicated that carrots play a central role as a protecting vegetable against development of different types of cancers. A cancer-preventive role of carrots is plausible because they are the main dietary source of the bioactive polyacetylenic oxylipins falcarinol (FaOH) and falcarindiol (FaDOH), which have shown anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activity in numerous in vitro studies. In addition, purified FaOH and FaDOH have, in recent studies in colorectal cancer (CRC)-primed rats, demonstrated an anti-neoplastic effect in a dose-dependent manner. The mechanisms of action for this effect appears to be due to inhibition of pro-inflammatory and transcription factor biomarkers for inflammation and cancer. However, studies of the CRC-preventive effect of carrots in a large cohort are still missing. We therefore examined the risk of being diagnosed with CRC as predicted by intake of carrots in a Danish population of 57,053 individuals with a long follow-up. Self-reported intake of raw carrots at a baseline of 2-4 carrots or more each week (>32 g/day) was associated with a 17% decrease in risk of CRC with a mean follow-up of >18 years, compared to individuals with no intake of raw carrots even after extensive model adjustments (HR 0.83 CI 95% 0.71; 0.98). An intake below 2-4 carrots each week (<32 g/day) was not significantly associated with reduced risk of CRC (HR 0.93 CI 95% 0.82; 1.06). The results of this prospective cohort study clearly support the results from studies in cancer-primed rats for CRC and hence a CRC-preventive effect of carrots.
胡萝卜在世界范围内被食用。几项关于胡萝卜消费的荟萃分析研究表明，胡萝卜在预防不同类型癌症方面起着核心作用。胡萝卜具有预防癌症的作用是合理的，因为它们是生物活性多炔氧脂类化合物法卡醇（FaOH）和法卡二醇（FaDOH）的主要膳食来源，在许多体外研究中显示出抗增殖和抗炎活性。此外，在最近对结直肠癌（CRC）启动大鼠的研究中，纯化的 FaOH 和 FaDOH 已证明具有剂量依赖性的抗肿瘤作用。这种作用的机制似乎是由于抑制促炎和转录因子生物标志物的炎症和癌症。然而，在大规模队列中研究胡萝卜对 CRC 的预防作用的研究仍然缺乏。因此，我们在一个随访时间较长的 57053 名丹麦人群中，研究了摄入胡萝卜对 CRC 的预测风险。与每周摄入生胡萝卜 2-4 根或更多根（>32 克/天）的人相比，在基线时报告摄入生胡萝卜每周摄入 2-4 根或更多根（>32 克/天）的人患 CRC 的风险降低了 17%，平均随访时间超过 18 年，即使在广泛调整模型后，摄入生胡萝卜的人也没有 CRC（HR 0.83 CI 95% 0.71；0.98）。每周摄入生胡萝卜<2-4 根（<32 克/天）与 CRC 风险降低无关（HR 0.93 CI 95% 0.82；1.06）。这项前瞻性队列研究的结果清楚地支持了在 CRC 启动大鼠中进行的研究结果，因此胡萝卜具有预防 CRC 的作用。
