Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPOP), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, Research Center of Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (GEBC CI-IPOP) and Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Jan 28;21(3):829. doi: 10.3390/ijms21030829.
In the last years, we have witnessed remarkable advances in targeted therapies for cancer patients. There is a growing effort to either replace or reduce the dose of unspecific, systemic (chemo)therapies, given the associated short- and long-term side effects, by introducing more specific targeted therapies as single or combination agents. Due to the well-known implications of the immune system and epigenetic landscape in modulating cancer development, both have been explored as potential targets in several malignancies, including those affecting the genitourinary tract. As the immune system function is also epigenetically regulated, there is rationale for combining both strategies. However, this is still rather underexplored, namely in urological tumors. We aim to briefly review the use of immune therapies in prostate, kidney, bladder, and testicular cancer, and further describe studies providing supporting evidence on their combination with epigenetic-based therapies.
在过去的几年中，我们见证了癌症患者靶向治疗的显著进展。由于非特异性、全身性（化疗）治疗相关的短期和长期副作用，人们越来越努力地通过引入更特异性的靶向治疗作为单一或联合药物来替代或减少其剂量。由于免疫系统和表观遗传学景观在调节癌症发展中的重要作用，它们都被作为几种恶性肿瘤的潜在靶点进行了探索，包括影响泌尿生殖系统的恶性肿瘤。由于免疫系统的功能也是受表观遗传学调控的，因此有理由将这两种策略结合起来。然而，这在泌尿系统肿瘤中仍然研究得很少。我们旨在简要回顾免疫疗法在前列腺癌、肾癌、膀胱癌和睾丸癌中的应用，并进一步描述支持其与基于表观遗传学的治疗联合应用的研究。
