Kawahara Yukako, Nishiura Hiroshi
Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 15 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan.
Hokkaido University Health Center, Kita 16 Jo Nishi 7 Chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido 060-0816, Japan.
Vaccines (Basel). 2020 Jan 28;8(1):52. doi: 10.3390/vaccines8010052.
While vaccination is the only established option to prevent a susceptible host from influenza, we have yet to clarify the decision-making mechanisms of vaccine uptake among Japanese university and college students. We aimed to explore vaccination coverage and the related demographic, sociocultural, and socioeconomic factors among university students. We performed a cross-sectional survey involving 604 students at Hokkaido University. Participants were asked if they received influenza vaccination in advance of the 2018/19 season, and subsequently, their demographic and sociocultural/socioeconomic characteristics were surveyed. We also explored the mechanisms underlying students' vaccination decisions. Vaccination coverage was estimated at 27.3% (95% confidence interval: 23.7-30.9). Freshmen ( < 0.0001) were significantly associated with choosing vaccination, and their odds ratio of vaccination was 11.3 (95% confidence interval: 6.2-20.7) times greater than students in other years. Among students other than freshmen, students belonging to medicine- and healthcare-related faculties were vaccinated three times more frequently than other students, and the coverage in students from Hokkaido was twice as large as that for students from other prefectures. Moreover, extracurricular activity was a positive predictor of vaccination. Although the coverage was as small as 27.3% among university students, freshmen in Japan have high vaccination coverage, which we believe is associated with the entrance examination during high influenza activity. In addition to exposing students to proper education regarding their risk self-assessment, consciousness raising via appropriate understanding of influenza and its severity and offering vaccination at university health centers at a reasonable cost may promote vaccine acceptance.
虽然接种疫苗是预防易感宿主感染流感的唯一既定方法，但我们尚未阐明日本大学生接种疫苗的决策机制。我们旨在探讨大学生的疫苗接种率以及相关的人口统计学、社会文化和社会经济因素。我们对北海道大学的604名学生进行了横断面调查。参与者被问及在2018/19流感季节之前是否接种了流感疫苗，随后对他们的人口统计学和社会文化/社会经济特征进行了调查。我们还探讨了学生接种疫苗决策背后的机制。疫苗接种率估计为27.3%（95%置信区间：23.7 - 30.9）。新生（<0.0001）与选择接种疫苗显著相关，他们接种疫苗的优势比是其他年级学生的11.3倍（95%置信区间：6.2 - 20.7）。在新生以外的学生中，医学和医疗相关专业的学生接种疫苗的频率是其他学生的三倍，北海道学生的接种率是其他县学生的两倍。此外，课外活动是接种疫苗的一个积极预测因素。虽然大学生中的接种率仅为27.3%，但日本的新生接种率较高，我们认为这与流感高发期的入学考试有关。除了让学生接受关于风险自我评估的适当教育外，通过对流感及其严重性的适当了解提高意识，并在大学健康中心以合理的成本提供疫苗接种，可能会促进疫苗的接受。
