Department of Pharmacology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Nutrients. 2020 Oct 6;12(10):3054. doi: 10.3390/nu12103054.
Immunological and metabolic processes are inextricably linked and important for maintaining tissue and organismal health. Manipulation of cellular metabolism could be beneficial to immunity and prevent metabolic and degenerative diseases including obesity, diabetes, and cancer. Maintenance of a normal metabolism depends on symbiotic consortium of gut microbes. Gut microbiota contributes to certain xenobiotic metabolisms and bioactive metabolites production. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites have been shown to be involved in inflammatory activation of macrophages and contribute to metabolic diseases. Recent studies have focused on how nutrients affect immunometabolism. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites of plants, are presented in many foods and beverages. Several studies have demonstrated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols. Many clinical trials and epidemiological studies have also shown that long-term consumption of polyphenol-rich diet protects against chronic metabolic diseases. It is known that polyphenols can modulate the composition of core gut microbiota and interact with the immunometabolism. In the present article, we review the mechanisms of gut microbiota and its metabolites on immunometabolism, summarize recent findings on how the interaction between microbiota and polyphenol modulates host immunometabolism, and discuss future research directions.
免疫和代谢过程是紧密相关的，对于维持组织和机体健康非常重要。细胞代谢的操纵可能有益于免疫，并预防代谢和退行性疾病，包括肥胖、糖尿病和癌症。正常代谢的维持依赖于肠道微生物的共生联合体。肠道微生物群有助于某些外源性代谢物和生物活性代谢物的产生。已经表明，肠道微生物群衍生的代谢物参与巨噬细胞的炎症激活，并有助于代谢性疾病的发生。最近的研究集中在营养物质如何影响免疫代谢。多酚是植物的次生代谢物，存在于许多食物和饮料中。多项研究表明多酚具有抗氧化和抗炎特性。许多临床试验和流行病学研究也表明，长期摄入富含多酚的饮食可以预防慢性代谢性疾病。已知多酚可以调节核心肠道微生物群的组成，并与免疫代谢相互作用。在本文中，我们综述了肠道微生物群及其代谢物对免疫代谢的作用机制，总结了最近关于微生物群和多酚相互作用如何调节宿主免疫代谢的发现，并讨论了未来的研究方向。
