University of North Florida, Jacksonville, USA.
University of Cologne, Germany.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2020 Sep;46(9):1318-1330. doi: 10.1177/0146167219899234. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
Although stereotypes and prejudice are commonly regarded as conceptually distinct but related constructs, previous research remains silent on the processes underlying their relation. Applying the balance-congruity principle to the concepts (a) group, (b) valence, and (c) attribute, we argue that the valence of attributes contained in a group-stereotype shapes evaluations of the group, while prejudice toward a group influences which attributes are stereotypically associated with the group. Using fictitious (Experiments 1 and 3) and real (Experiments 2 and 4) groups, the current studies demonstrate that (a) experimentally induced changes in the valence of semantic attributes associated with a group (stereotypes) influence implicit prejudice toward that group (Experiments 1 and 2), and (b) experimentally induced changes in the valence of a group (prejudice) influence implicit stereotyping of that group (Experiments 3 and 4). These findings demonstrate a bidirectional causal relation between prejudice and stereotypes.
尽管刻板印象和偏见通常被认为是概念上不同但相关的结构，但之前的研究仍然没有说明它们之间关系的过程。我们将平衡一致性原则应用于（a）群体、（b）价值和（c）属性这两个概念，认为群体刻板印象中包含的属性的价值塑造了对群体的评价，而对群体的偏见则影响哪些属性与群体相关联。通过使用虚构的（实验 1 和 3）和真实的（实验 2 和 4）群体，当前的研究表明：（a）实验诱导的与群体（刻板印象）相关的语义属性的价值变化会影响对该群体的内隐偏见（实验 1 和 2），以及（b）群体（偏见）的价值变化会影响对该群体的内隐刻板印象（实验 3 和 4）。这些发现表明了偏见和刻板印象之间存在双向因果关系。
