Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Campinas Faculty of Medical Sciences (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Jul;66:28-40. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.12.002. Epub 2019 Dec 20.
Unplanned pregnancy (UP) is a public health problem, which affects millions of women worldwide. Providing long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) methods is an excellent strategy to avoid or at least reduce UP, because the effectiveness of these methods is higher than other methods, and is indeed comparable to that of permanent contraception. As the initial introduction of the inert plastic intrauterine device (IUD) and of the six-rod implant, pharmaceutical companies have introduced a copper IUD (Cu-IUD), different models of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS), and one and two-rod implants, which certainly improved women's LARC options. The main characteristic of LARCs is that they provide high contraceptive effectiveness with a single intervention, and that they can be used for a long time. Emerging evidence from the last few years has demonstrated that it is possible to extend the use of the 52 mg LNG IUS and of the etonogestrel-implant beyond five- and three years, respectively, which adds new value to these LARCs.
意外怀孕（UP）是一个公共卫生问题，影响着全球数以百万计的妇女。提供长效可逆避孕（LARC）方法是避免或至少减少 UP 的绝佳策略，因为这些方法的有效性高于其他方法，实际上与永久性避孕方法相当。随着惰性塑料宫内节育器（IUD）和六棒植入物的最初引入，制药公司引入了铜宫内节育器（Cu-IUD）、不同型号的左炔诺孕酮释放宫内节育系统（LNG IUS）以及单棒和双棒植入物，这无疑改善了女性的 LARC 选择。LARCs 的主要特点是，它们提供单次干预的高避孕效果，并且可以长期使用。过去几年的新证据表明，可以将 52mgLNG IUS 和依托孕烯植入物的使用时间分别延长至五年和三年以上，这为这些 LARC 方法增加了新的价值。
